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arXiv:1609.05972 · Physical Review A

Robust Gaussian teleportation with attenuation and nonunity gain

A. J. de Faria

Published Dec 21, 2016• 3 citations
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Abstract

The average fidelity of the teleportation of coherent states is calculated for general Gaussian bipartite systems shared by the partners of the protocol, Alice and Bob. It is considered that the shared Gaussian bipartite modes suffer independent attenuations before the processing of Alice and Bob. In addition, the classical communication between the partners can be controlled by a gain not necessarily unitary. Comparing with the classical fidelity threshold of measure-and-prepare methods, we establish several genuinely quantum teleportation conditions which depend on the gain and the local attenuations. If the gain can be tuned to maximize the bipartite state set capable of performing genuinely quantum teleportation, then a condition for teleportation robust against local attenuations is found. This condition is demonstrated to be essentially equivalent to the condition of robust Gaussian bipartite entanglement, obtained in previous articles, showing that the robustness against attenuations is an entanglement property relevant for characterization and application of bipartite systems. For the derivation of the robust teleportation conditions, the Gaussian operations onto the bipartite system are thoroughly studied, so that the transformations that maintain the fidelity invariant are found. Some scenarios for different Gaussian bipartite states are presented and discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.062328

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The average fidelity of the teleportation of coherent states is calculated for general Gaussian bipartite systems shared by the partners of the protocol, Alice and Bob. It is considered that the shared Gaussian bipartite modes suffer independent attenuations before the processing of Alice and Bob. In addition, the classical communication between the partners can be controlled by a gain not necessarily unitary. Comparing with the classical fidelity threshold of measure-and-prepare methods, we establish several genuinely quantum teleportation conditions which depend on the gain and the local attenuations. If the gain can be tuned to maximize the bipartite state set capable of performing genuinely quantum teleportation, then a condition for teleportation robust against local attenuations is found. This condition is demonstrated to be essentially equivalent to the condition of robust Gaussian bipartite entanglement, obtained in previous articles, showing that the robustness against attenuations is an entanglement property relevant for characterization and application of bipartite systems. For the derivation of the robust teleportation conditions, the Gaussian operations onto the bipartite system are thoroughly studied, so that the transformations that maintain the fidelity invariant are found. Some scenarios for different Gaussian bipartite states are presented and discussed.
We study the Braunstein-Kimble protocol for the continuous variable teleportation of a coherent state. We determine lower and upper bounds for the optimal fidelity of teleportation, maximized over all local Gaussian operations for a given entanglement of the two-mode Gaussian state shared by the sender (Alice) and the receiver (Bob). We also determine the optimal local transformations at Alice and Bob sites and the corresponding maximum fidelity when one restricts to local trace-preserving Gaussian completely positive maps.
In this work, we consider the following teleportation protocol: There is an arbitrary two-qubit resource state, shared between two spatially separated parties, Alice and Bob. Applying local unitary operators, they transform the resource state into the canonical form. To teleport an unknown qubit, Alice now measures her qubits in the Bell basis. Then, the measurement outcome is communicated by Alice to Bob via noisy classical channel(s). Finally, after receiving the classical message, Bob applies the necessary unitary operator to his qubit. Under this protocol, we find the exact formulae of teleportation fidelity and its deviation. We further find conditions for non-classical fidelity within this protocol. If the classical communication is noiseless in the above protocol then there are resource states which can lead to zero fidelity deviation. However, we show that such states may not lead to zero fidelity deviation when the classical communication is noisy in the same protocol. We also explore the opposite case, i.e., the states, which cannot lead to zero fidelity deviation in the above protocol when the classical communication is noiseless, may lead to zero fidelity deviation when the classical communication is noisy in the same protocol without compromising the non-classical fidelity. Moreover, we exhibit scenarios within the present protocol, where the fidelity deviation increases if the entanglement of the resource state is increased.
Achieving near-unity fidelity of Quantum Teleportation (QT) in a noisy environment is an essential requirement for its real-world applications. Towards this goal, we devise a distinctive protocol based on the timing of the sender Alice's Bell-basis measurement, synchronous with the suitably engineered structure of noise in the receiver Bob's wing, without requiring any knowledge or manipulation of Alice's local noise. For this purpose, to finally obtain the teleported states by performing the required unitary operations, Bob has to retain his qubits for only two particular Bell-basis outcomes communicated by Alice, whose corresponding reduced states have no dependence on the noise parameters in Alice's wing. Such postselection is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of the teleported state towards its ideal limit, while ensuring its full independence of Alice's noise. We formulate the specifics of our protocol in terms of a generic two-level quantum system, subjected to a general non-Markovian spin-boson model for dephasing noise. The proposed scheme is illustrated by using any pure maximally/non-maximally entangled state as well as a Werner-type mixed state as resource. In particular, using resource states having small values of entanglement measure, we show that the high fidelity of QT is achievable in the presence of noise. Further, using our scheme, considering even the local regime of Werner states, wherein the Bell-CHSH inequalities are not violated, we show that the QT fidelity in the presence of noise can be appreciably high.
Multipartite quantum correlations, in spite of years of intensive research, still leave many questions unanswered. While bipartite entanglement is relatively well understood for Gaussian states, the complexity of mere qualitative characterization grows rapidly with increasing number of parties. Here, we present two schemes for transformations of multipartite permutation invariant Gaussian states by Gaussian local operations and classical communication. To this end, we use a scheme for possible experimental realization, making use of the fact that in this picture the whole NNN-partite state can be described by specifying the states of two separable modes. Numerically, we study entanglement transformations of tripartite states. Finally, we look at the effect our protocols have on fidelity of assisted quantum teleportation and find that, while adding correlated noise does not affect the fidelity at all, there is strong evidence that partial nondemolition measurement leads to a drop in teleportation fidelity.
In this paper, we investigate secure quantum teleportation (SQT) of squeezed coherent states in the presence of a noisy Gaussian environment. Unlike most previous studies that consider coherent states as the input to be teleported, we take squeezed coherent states as the information carriers and analyze how the squeezing of the input state influences the performance and security of the teleportation protocol. The quantum channel is modeled by a two-mode squeezed vacuum state shared between Alice and Bob, which interacts with a common squeezed thermal reservoir. The security of teleportation is ensured by simultaneously satisfying two conditions: a teleportation fidelity exceeding the classical limit [Formula: see text] and the existence of two-way quantum steering of the resource state. Using the covariance matrix formalism and the Lindblad master equation for open quantum systems, we study the time evolution of teleportation fidelity and Gaussian steering under the combined effects of dissipation, temperature and environmental squeezing. The results show that the squeezing of the input coherent state plays a significant role in modifying the robustness of secure quantum teleportation against environmental noise. In particular, for suitable parameter regimes, input-state squeezing can enhance the tolerance of the protocol to thermal fluctuations and de-coherence, extending the temporal range in which SQT is achievable. These findings highlight the importance of the choice of input states in continuous-variable quantum communication protocols and provide new insights for optimizing secure quantum teleportation in realistic noisy environments.
Quantum teleportation is a fundamental protocol in quantum information science. It represents a critical resource for quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. We derive an analytical expression of the fidelity of teleportation of an input squeezed thermal state using for teleportation a bipartite Gaussian resource state shared between Alice and Bob. Each mode of the resource state is susceptible to the influence of the environment. We employ the characteristic function approach in conjunction with the covariance matrix formalism. The fidelity of teleportation is expressed in terms of input and resource state covariance matrices. We investigate, as an example, the feasibility of secure quantum teleportation of a squeezed thermal state using a two-mode resource state whose modes are placed in separate thermal baths. A successful quantum teleportation requires meeting two criteria: the presence of two-way quantum steering and a teleportation fidelity exceeding the classical threshold. The quantum steering is by nature asymmetric and has found applications in quantum cryptography and secure quantum teleportation. Weak squeezing and a high number of average thermal photons in the input states lead to an increase in the fidelity of teleportation. Generally, steering disappears much faster than the fidelity of teleportation decreases below its classical limit.