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arXiv:1607.08373

Notes on entanglement entropy for excites holographic states in 2d

Radoslav C. Rashkov

Published Jul 28, 2016• 3 citations
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Abstract

In this work we revisit the problem of contributions of excited holographic states to the entanglement entropy in two-dimensional conformal field theories. Using the results of replica trick method we find three expressions for these contributions. First, we express the contribution of the excited states in terms of Aharonov invariants. It is shown that beside the Schwarzian, the one-point functions of descendants of energy-momentum also contribute. Given Schwarz-Christoffel map, the contributions to any order can be easily computed. The second expression relates the entanglement entropy of excited states to Faber polynomials and Grunsky coefficients. Based on the relation of Grunsky coefficiens to tau-funcion of dispersionless Toda hierarchy, we find the third expression for contributions of excited holographic states to the entanglement entropy.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1607.08373

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In this work we revisit the problem of contributions of excited holographic states to the entanglement entropy in two-dimensional conformal field theories. Using the results of replica trick method we find three expressions for these contributions. First, we express the contribution of the excited states in terms of Aharonov invariants. It is shown that beside the Schwarzian, the one-point functions of descendants of energy-momentum also contribute. Given Schwarz-Christoffel map, the contributions to any order can be easily computed. The second expression relates the entanglement entropy of excited states to Faber polynomials and Grunsky coefficients. Based on the relation of Grunsky coefficiens to tau-funcion of dispersionless Toda hierarchy, we find the third expression for contributions of excited holographic states to the entanglement entropy.
We analyze how excitations affect the entanglement entropy for an arbitrary entangling interval in a 2d conformal field theory (CFT) using the holographic entanglement entropy techniques as well as direct CFT computations. We introduce the excitation entanglement entropy ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{h}S$, the difference between the entanglement entropy generic excitations and their arbitrary conformal descendants denoted through hhh. The excitation entanglement entropy, unlike the entanglement entropy, is a finite quantity (independent of the cutoff), and hence a good physical observable. We show that the excitation entanglement entropy for any given interval is uniquely specified by a local second order differential equation sourced by the one point function of the energy momentum tensor computed in the excited background state, and two boundary and smoothness conditions. We analyze low and high temperature behavior of the excitation entanglement entropy and show that ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{h}S$ grows as a function of temperature. We prove an ``integrated positivity'' for the excitation entanglement entropy, that although ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{h}S$ can be positive or negative, its average value is always positive. We also discuss the mutual and multipartite information and (strong) subadditivity inequality in the presence of generic excitations and their conformal descendants.
For holographic CFT states near the vacuum, entanglement entropies for spatial subsystems can be expressed perturbatively as an expansion in the one-point functions of local operators dual to light bulk fields. Using the connection between quantum Fisher information for CFT states and canonical energy for the dual spacetimes, we describe a general formula for this expansion up to second-order in the one-point functions, for an arbitrary ball-shaped region, extending the first-order result given by the entanglement first law. For two-dimensional CFTs, we use this to derive a completely explicit formula for the second-order contribution to the entanglement entropy from the stress tensor. We show that this stress tensor formula can be reproduced by a direct CFT calculation for states related to the vacuum by a local conformal transformation. This result can also be reproduced via the perturbative solution to a non-linear scalar wave equation on an auxiliary de Sitter spacetime, extending the first-order result in arXiv:1509.00113 .
We consider the entanglement entropy in 2d conformal field theory in a class of excited states produced by the insertion of a heavy local operator. These include both high-energy eigenstates of the Hamiltonian and time-dependent local quenches. We compute the universal contribution from the stress tensor to the single interval Renyi entropies and entanglement entropy, and conjecture that this dominates the answer in theories with a large central charge and a sparse spectrum of low-dimension operators. The resulting entanglement entropies agree precisely with holographic calculations in three-dimensional gravity. High-energy eigenstates are dual to microstates of the BTZ black hole, so the corresponding holographic calculation is a geodesic length in the black hole geometry; agreement between these two answers demonstrates that these individual microstates of holographic CFTs effectively thermalize at the level of the single-interval entanglement entropy. For local quenches, the dual geometry is a highly boosted black hole or conical defect. On the CFT side, the rise in entanglement entropy after a quench is directly related to the monodromy of a Virasoro conformal block.
In this note, I revisit the problem of computing the entanglement entropy of a single interval in the ground state of a 2d CFT. I write the leading-order result in three different ways: once by doing the replica trick with the nnn-replicated cylinder partition function computed in the ``closed string channel"; once by computing the nnn-replicated cylinder partition function in the ``open string channel", where the entanglement entropy can be related to the density of states in a boundary CFT defined on the interval; and for holographic CFTs, once as the log of a Plancherel measure for a certain noncompact quantum group. I comment on the implications for what the Ryu-Takayanagi area term might be counting in holographic CFTs.
We study entanglement entropy after a double local quench in two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs). In the holographic CFT, such a state with double excitation is dual to an anti-de Sitter space with two massive particles injected from the boundary. We show that the growth after the double local excitations in pure CFT is universal and is given by the sum of two local quenches with an additional negative term. This negative contribution can be interpreted naturally in holography as being due to the attractive force of gravity. On the CFT side, this evaluation of the entanglement entropy is accomplished by a special limit of six-point functions, where we employ the fusion matrix approach for multipoint conformal blocks developed by the authors [J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2019) 063JHEPFG1029-847910.1007/JHEP08(2019)063].
We compute the bulk entanglement entropy across the Ryu-Takayanagi surface for a one-particle state in a scalar field theory in AdS _3 3 . We work directly within the bulk Hilbert space and include the spatial spread of the scalar wavefunction. We give closed form expressions in the limit of small interval sizes and compare the result to a CFT computation of entanglement entropy in an excited primary state at large c c . Including the contribution from the backreacted minimal area, we find agreement between the CFT result and the FLM and JLMS formulas for quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy. This provides a non-trivial check in a state where the answer is not dictated by symmetry. Along the way, we provide closed-form expressions for the scalar field Bogoliubov coefficients that relate the global and Rindler slicings of AdS _3 3 .