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arXiv:1607.04270 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Critical behavior in the presence of an order-parameter pinning field

Francesco Parisen Toldin, Fakher F. Assaad, Stefan Weßel

Published Jan 3, 2017• 32 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Can one investigate more efficiently quantum critical behavior by employing a local order-parameter pinning field, which explicitly breaks the symmetry of the model under investigation? To answer this question, the authors consider the two-dimensional square-lattice bilayer quantum Heisenberg model using a world-line quantum Monte Carlo method. The pinning-field approach is found to accurately locate the quantum critical point over a wide range of pinning-field strengths. However, the identification of the quantum critical scaling behavior is found to be complicated by the fact that the pinning field introduces strong corrections to scaling. A renormalization group analysis exhibits important analogies to surface critical phenomena, and a crossover effect to an infinite pinning-field fixed point, which the authors study in detail by simulations of an improved classical lattice model in the three-dimensional Ising universality class. At the infinite pinning-field fixed point, the short-distance expansion of the order-parameter profile exhibits a new universal critical exponent, which characterizes the experimentally relevant critical adsorption on a line defect. This result also implies the presence of slowly decaying scaling corrections, which are analyzed here in detail.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.95.014401

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Can one investigate more efficiently quantum critical behavior by employing a local order-parameter pinning field, which explicitly breaks the symmetry of the model under investigation? To answer this question, the authors consider the two-dimensional square-lattice bilayer quantum Heisenberg model using a world-line quantum Monte Carlo method. The pinning-field approach is found to accurately locate the quantum critical point over a wide range of pinning-field strengths. However, the identification of the quantum critical scaling behavior is found to be complicated by the fact that the pinning field introduces strong corrections to scaling. A renormalization group analysis exhibits important analogies to surface critical phenomena, and a crossover effect to an infinite pinning-field fixed point, which the authors study in detail by simulations of an improved classical lattice model in the three-dimensional Ising universality class. At the infinite pinning-field fixed point, the short-distance expansion of the order-parameter profile exhibits a new universal critical exponent, which characterizes the experimentally relevant critical adsorption on a line defect. This result also implies the presence of slowly decaying scaling corrections, which are analyzed here in detail.
We study the surface critical behavior of semi-infinite systems belonging to the bulk universality class of the Ising model. Special attention is paid to the local behavior of experimentally relevant quantities such as the order parameter and the correlation function in the crossover regimes between different surface universality classes, where the surface field h1 and the temperature enhancement c can induce additional macroscopic length scales. Starting from the field-theoretical φ4 model and employing renormalization-group improved perturbation theory (ϵ-expansion), explicit results for the local behavior of the correlation and structure function (zero-loop) and the order parameter (one-loop) are derived. Supplementing earlier studies that focused on the special transition, we here pay particular attention to the situation where a large c suppresses the tendency to order in the surface (ordinary transition) but a surface field h1 generates a small surface magnetization m1. Our results are in good agreement with recent phenomenological considerations and Monte Carlo studies devoted to similar questions and, combined with the latter, provide a much more detailed understanding of the local properties of systems with weak surface fields.
The infinite-disorder fixed point of the random transverse-field Ising model is expected to control the critical behavior of a large class of random quantum and stochastic systems having an order parameter with discrete symmetry. Here we study the model on the square lattice with a very efficient numerical implementation of the strong disorder renormalization group method, which makes us possible to treat finite samples of linear size up to L=2048L=2048L=2048. We have calculated sample dependent pseudocritical points and studied their distribution, which is found to be characterized by the same shift and width exponent: $\ensuremath{\nu}=1.24(2)$. For different types of disorder the infinite-disorder fixed point is shown to be characterized by the same set of critical exponents, for which we have obtained improved estimates: x=0.982(15)x=0.982(15)x=0.982(15) and $\ensuremath{\psi}=0.48(2)$. We have also studied the scaling behavior of the magnetization in the vicinity of the critical point as well as dynamical scaling in the ordered and disordered Griffiths phases.
In numerical simulations, spontaneously broken symmetry is often detected by computing two-point correlation functions of the appropriate local order parameter. This approach, however, computes the square of the local order parameter, and so when it is small, very large system sizes at high precisions are required to obtain reliable results. Alternatively, one can pin the order by introducing a local symmetrybreaking field and then measure the induced local order parameter infinitely far from the pinning center. The method is tested here at length for the Hubbard model on honeycomb lattice, within the realm of the projective auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm. With our enhanced resolution, we find a direct and continuous quantum phase transition between the semimetallic and the insulating antiferromagnetic states with increase of the interaction. The single-particle gap, measured in units of Hubbard U, tracks the staggered magnetization. An excellent data collapse is obtained by finite-size scaling, with the values of the critical exponents in accord with the Gross-Neveu universality class of the transition.
The scaling of the transition temperature into an ordered phase close to a quantum critical point as well as the order parameter fluctuations inside the quantum critical region provide valuable information about universal properties of the underlying quantum critical point. Here, we employ quantum Monte Carlo simulations to examine these relations in detail for two-dimensional quantum systems that exhibit a finite-temperature Ising-transition line in the vicinity of a quantum critical point that belongs to the universality class of either (i) the three-dimensional Ising model for the case of the quantum Ising model in a transverse magnetic field on the square lattice or (ii) the chiral Ising transition for the case of a half-filled system of spinless fermions on the honeycomb lattice with nearest-neighbor repulsion. While the first case allows large-scale simulations to assess the scaling predictions to a high precision in terms of the known values for the critical exponents at the quantum critical point, for the later case, we extract values of the critical exponents $\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$, related to the order parameter fluctuations, which we discuss in relation to other recent estimates from ground-state quantum Monte Carlo calculations as well as analytical approaches.
We study the XXZ square lattice bilayer model with antiferromagnetic non-frustrating long-range interactions that decay as a power law with the distance. Employing large-scale high-order series expansions with classical Monte Carlo integration (pCUT+MC) about the limit of isolated Heisenberg dimers in the rung-singlet phase, we investigate the one-triplon dispersion and the corresponding spectral weight along the parameter axes of the long-range decay exponent and the XXZ anisotropy. By tuning the latter, we observe two extended regions of 3d XY and Ising universality as well as 3d Heisenberg critical exponents at the isotropic point. Along the decay exponent axis, we demonstrate mean-field behavior for strong long-range couplings, the aforementioned three universality classes for sufficiently weak interactions, and continuously varying critical exponents in-between. Using extrapolations we are able to determine the one-triplon dispersion in a quantitative fashion up to the quantum-critical breakdown of the rung-singlet phase. This allows to extract the dynamical critical exponent zzz as a function of the decay exponent, displaying a universal behavior. The detected z<1z<1z<1 for small decay exponents is in agreement with the expected properties of the anomalous Goldstone modes in the ordered phases with broken continuous symmetry.
We study the XXZ square lattice bilayer model with antiferromagnetic nonfrustrating long-range interactions that decay as a power law with the distance. Employing large-scale high-order series expansions with classical Monte Carlo integration (pCUT+MC)(\mathrm{pCUT}+\mathrm{MC})(pCUT+MC) about the limit of isolated Heisenberg dimers in the rung-singlet phase, we investigate the one-triplon dispersion and the corresponding spectral weight along the parameter axes of the long-range decay exponent and the XXZ anisotropy. By tuning the latter, we observe two extended regions of 3D XY and Ising universality as well as 3D Heisenberg critical exponents at the isotropic point. Along the decay exponent axis, we demonstrate mean-field behavior for strong long-range couplings, the aforementioned three universality classes for sufficiently weak interactions, and continuously varying critical exponents in between. Using extrapolations, we are able to determine the one-triplon dispersion in a quantitative fashion up to the quantum-critical breakdown of the rung-singlet phase. This allows us to extract the dynamical critical exponent zzz as a function of the decay exponent, displaying a universal behavior. The detected z<1z<1z<1 for small decay exponents is in agreement with the expected properties of the anomalous Goldstone modes in the ordered phases with broken continuous symmetry.