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arXiv:1607.03983 · Physical Review A

Dynamics of a coupled spin-vortex pair in dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Tiantian Li, Su Yi, Yunbo Zhang

Published May 4, 2016• 10 citations
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Abstract

The collisional and magnetic field quench dynamics of a coupled spin-vortex pair in dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential are numerically investigated in the mean-field theory. Upon a sudden release of the potential barrier the two layers of condensates collide with each other in the trap center with the chirality of the vortex pair exchanged after each collision, showing the typical signature of in-phase collision for the parallel spin-vortex phase, and out-of-phase collision for the antiparallel phase. When quenching the transverse magnetic field, the vortex center in the single-layered condensate starts to make a helical motion with oval-shaped trajectories and the displacement of the center position is found to exhibit a damped simple harmonic oscillation with an intrinsic frequency and damping rate. The oscillation mode of the spin-vortex pair may be tuned by the initial magnetic field and the height of the Gaussian barrier; e.g., the gyrotropic motions for a parallel spin-vortex pair are out of sync with each other in the two layers, while those for the antiparallel pair exhibit a double-helix structure with the vortex centers moving opposite to each other with the same amplitude.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.053602

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The collisional and magnetic field quench dynamics of a coupled spin-vortex pair in dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensates in a double-well potential are numerically investigated in the mean-field theory. Upon a sudden release of the potential barrier the two layers of condensates collide with each other in the trap center with the chirality of the vortex pair exchanged after each collision, showing the typical signature of in-phase collision for the parallel spin-vortex phase, and out-of-phase collision for the antiparallel phase. When quenching the transverse magnetic field, the vortex center in the single-layered condensate starts to make a helical motion with oval-shaped trajectories and the displacement of the center position is found to exhibit a damped simple harmonic oscillation with an intrinsic frequency and damping rate. The oscillation mode of the spin-vortex pair may be tuned by the initial magnetic field and the height of the Gaussian barrier; e.g., the gyrotropic motions for a parallel spin-vortex pair are out of sync with each other in the two layers, while those for the antiparallel pair exhibit a double-helix structure with the vortex centers moving opposite to each other with the same amplitude.
We investigate the ground states and rich dynamics of vortices in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) subject to position-dependent detuning. Such a detuning plays the role of an effective rotational frequency, causing the generation of a synthetic magnetic field. Through scanning the detuning gradient, we numerically obtain static vortex lattice structures containing 1 to 6 vortices using the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. When quenching detuning gradient below its initial value, the vortex lattices exhibit interesting periodic rotation motion, and their dynamical stability can persist for up to 1000ms. In particular, depending on the detuning gradient, the twin vortices exhibit either a scissors-like rotational oscillation or a clockwise periodic rotation, reflecting the response to the magnetic field gradient experienced by the condensates. We fit the numerical results to quantitatively analyze the relation between rotation dynamics and magnetic field gradients. When quenching the detuning gradient beyond its initial value, additional vortices appear. Our findings may motivate further experimental studies of vortex dynamics in synthetic magnetic fields and offer insights for engineering a BEC-based magnetic field gradiometer.
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The static and dynamic properties of vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (dBECs) can be considerably modified relative to their nondipolar counterparts by the anisotropic and long-ranged nature of the dipole-dipole interaction. Working in a uniform dBEC, we analyze the structure of single vortices and the dynamics of vortex pairs, investigating the deviations from the nondipolar paradigm. For a straight vortex line, we find that the induced dipolar interaction potential is axially anisotropic when the dipole moments have a nonzero projection orthogonal to the vortex line. This results in a corresponding elongation of the vortex core along this projection as well as an anisotropic superfluid phase and enhanced compressibility in the vicinity of the vortex core. Consequently, the trajectories of like-signed vortex pairs are described by a family of elliptical and oval-like curves rather than the familiar circular orbits. Similarly for opposite-signed vortex pairs their translation speeds along the binormal are found to be dipole-interaction dependent. We expect that these findings will shed light on the underlying mechanisms of many-vortex phenomena in dBECs such as quantum turbulence, vortex reconnections, and vortex lattices.
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The static and dynamic properties of vortices in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (dBECs) can be considerably modified relative to their nondipolar counterparts by the anisotropic and long-ranged nature of the dipole-dipole interaction. Working in a uniform dBEC, we analyze the structure of single vortices and the dynamics of vortex pairs, investigating the deviations from the nondipolar paradigm. For a straight vortex line, we find that the induced dipolar interaction potential is axially anisotropic when the dipole moments have a nonzero projection orthogonal to the vortex line. This results in a corresponding elongation of the vortex core along this projection as well as an anisotropic superfluid phase and enhanced compressibility in the vicinity of the vortex core. Consequently, the trajectories of like-signed vortex pairs are described by a family of elliptical and oval-like curves rather than the familiar circular orbits. Similarly for opposite-signed vortex pairs their translation speeds along the binormal are found to be dipole-interaction dependent. We expect that these findings will shed light on the underlying mechanisms of many-vortex phenomena in dBECs such as quantum turbulence, vortex reconnections, and vortex lattices. Published by the American Physical Society 2024