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arXiv:1607.03054 · Physics Letters A

Superconducting qubit in a nonstationary transmission line cavity: Parametric excitation, periodic pumping, and energy dissipation

Andrei A. Zhukov, D. S. Shapiro, S. V. Remizov, W. V. Pogosov, Yu. E. Lozovik

Published Dec 19, 2016• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.physleta.2016.12.033

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It has been shown that superconducting qubit systems, having high tunability, can be used as a platform for the experimental study of various effects of nonstationary quantum electrodynamics in a cavity. In particular, the dynamic Lamb effect can be implemented owing to a nonadiabatic change in the effective coupling between the subsystem of qubits and a cavity. This effect is manifested in the excitation of a qubit (atom) at the change in the Lamb shift of its levels. It is remarkable that the effect of energy dissipation in such parametrically excited systems can be very nontrivial: dissipation in one of the subsystems of the hybrid system can enhance quantum effects in the other subsystem. This refers to various phenomena such as parametric qubit excitation, generation of photons from vacuum, and creation and confinement of finite entanglement of qubits.
Superconducting circuits provide a new platform for study of nonstationary cavity QED phenomena. An example of such a phenomenon is the dynamical Lamb effect, which is the parametric excitation of an atom due to nonadiabatic modulation of its Lamb shift. This effect was initially introduced for a natural atom in a varying cavity, while we suggest its realization in a superconducting qubit-cavity system with dynamically tunable coupling. In the present paper, we study the interplay between the dynamical Lamb effect and the energy dissipation, which is unavoidable in realistic systems. We find that despite naive expectations, this interplay can lead to unexpected dynamical regimes. One of the most striking results is that photon generation from vacuum can be strongly enhanced due to qubit relaxation, which opens another channel for such a process. We also show that dissipation in the cavity can increase the qubit excited-state population. Our results can be used for experimental observation and investigation of the dynamical Lamb effect and accompanying quantum effects.