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arXiv:1606.07544 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Spin-liquid Mott quantum criticality in two dimensions: Destabilization of a spinon Fermi surface and emergence of one-dimensional spin dynamics

Jae-Ho Han, Yong-Heum Cho, Ki‐Seok Kim

Published Jun 16, 2017• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Resorting to a recently developed theoretical device called dimensional regularization for quantum criticality with a Fermi surface, we examine a metal-insulator quantum phase transition from a Landau's Fermi-liquid state to a U(1) spin-liquid phase with a spinon Fermi surface in two dimensions. Unfortunately, we fail to approach the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point from the U(1) spin-liquid state within the dimensional regularization technique. Self-interactions between charge fluctuations called holons are not screened, which shows a run-away renormalization group flow, interpreted as holons remain gapped. This leads us to consider another fixed point, where the spinon Fermi surface can be destabilized across the Mott transition. Based on this conjecture, we reveal the nature of the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point: Dimensional reduction to one dimension occurs for spin dynamics described by spinons. As a result, Landau damping for both spin and charge dynamics disappear in the vicinity of the Mott quantum critical point. When the flavor number of holons is over its critical value, an interacting fixed point appears to be identified with an inverted $XY$ universality class, controlled within the dimensional regularization technique. On the other hand, a fluctuation-driven first order metal-insulator transition results when it is below the critical number. We propose that the destabilization of a spinon Fermi surface and the emergence of one-dimensional spin dynamics near the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point can be checked out by spin susceptibility with a $2{k}_{F}$ transfer momentum, where ${k}_{F}$ is a Fermi momentum in the U(1) spin-liquid state: The absence of Landau damping in U(1) gauge fluctuations gives rise to a divergent behavior at zero temperature while it vanishes in the presence of a spinon Fermi surface.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.95.235133

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Resorting to a recently developed theoretical device called dimensional regularization for quantum criticality with a Fermi surface, we examine a metal-insulator quantum phase transition from a Landau's Fermi-liquid state to a U(1) spin-liquid phase with a spinon Fermi surface in two dimensions. Unfortunately, we fail to approach the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point from the U(1) spin-liquid state within the dimensional regularization technique. Self-interactions between charge fluctuations called holons are not screened, which shows a run-away renormalization group flow, interpreted as holons remain gapped. This leads us to consider another fixed point, where the spinon Fermi surface can be destabilized across the Mott transition. Based on this conjecture, we reveal the nature of the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point: Dimensional reduction to one dimension occurs for spin dynamics described by spinons. As a result, Landau damping for both spin and charge dynamics disappear in the vicinity of the Mott quantum critical point. When the flavor number of holons is over its critical value, an interacting fixed point appears to be identified with an inverted XYXYXY universality class, controlled within the dimensional regularization technique. On the other hand, a fluctuation-driven first order metal-insulator transition results when it is below the critical number. We propose that the destabilization of a spinon Fermi surface and the emergence of one-dimensional spin dynamics near the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point can be checked out by spin susceptibility with a 2kF2{k}_{F}2kF​ transfer momentum, where kF{k}_{F}kF​ is a Fermi momentum in the U(1) spin-liquid state: The absence of Landau damping in U(1) gauge fluctuations gives rise to a divergent behavior at zero temperature while it vanishes in the presence of a spinon Fermi surface.
Emergence of localized magnetic moments in the vicinity of a metal-insulator transition is a non-perturbative phenomenon beyond the description based on the perturbative theoretical framework. Resorting to a recently developed theoretical device called dimensional regularization for the Fermi-surface problem, we examine a metal-insulator quantum phase transition from a Landau's Fermi-liquid state to a U(1) spin-liquid phase with a spinon Fermi surface in two dimensions. Assuming that the spinon Fermi surface can be destabilized across the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point, we show that such itinerant spinons become localized to result in localized magnetic moments near the spin-liquid Mott quantum critical point. The role of such emergent moments in non-Fermi liquid physics reveals the nature of spin-liquid Mott quantum criticality as novel local quantum criticality, where critical charge dynamics belongs to the inverted XY universality class and critical spin dynamics conforms to a locally critical universality class.
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Gapless spin liquids have recently been observed in several frustrated Mott insulators, with elementary spin excitations-"spinons"-reminiscent of degenerate Fermi systems. However, their precise role at the Mott point, where charge fluctuations begin to proliferate, remains controversial and ill understood. Here we present the simplest theoretical framework that treats the dynamics of emergent spin and charge excitations on the same footing, providing a new physical picture of the Mott metal-to-insulator transition at half filing. We identify a generic orthogonality mechanism leading to strong damping of spinons, arising as soon as the Mott gap closes. Our results indicate that spinons should not play a significant role within the high-temperature quantum critical regime above the Mott point-in striking agreement with all available experiments.
When a 2D superconductor is subjected to a strong in-plane magnetic field, Zeeman polarization of the Fermi surface can give rise to inhomogeneous FFLO order with a spatially modulated gap. Further increase of the magnetic field eventually drives the system into a normal metal state. Here, we perform a renormalization group analysis of this quantum phase transition, starting from an appropriate low-energy theory recently introduced in Phys. Rev. B 93, 085112 (2016). We compute one-loop flow equations within the controlled dimensional regularization scheme with fixed dimension of Fermi surface, expanding in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=5/2\ensuremath{-}d$. We find a new stable non-Fermi-liquid fixed point and discuss its critical properties. One of the most interesting aspects of the FFLO non-Fermi-liquid scenario is that the quantum critical point is potentially naked, with the scaling regime observable down to arbitrary low temperatures. In order to study this possibility, we perform a general analysis of competing instabilities, which suggests that only charge density wave order is enhanced in the vicinity of the quantum critical point.
The destruction of Fermi-liquid behavior when a gapless Fermi surface is coupled to a fluctuating gapless boson field is studied theoretically. This problem arises in a number of different contexts in quantum many-body physics. Examples include fermions coupled to a fluctuating transverse gauge field pertinent to quantum spin-liquid Mott insulators, and quantum critical metals near a Pomeranchuk transition. We develop a controlled theoretical approach to determine the low-energy physics. Our approach relies on combining an expansion in the inverse number (N)(N)(N) of fermion species with a further expansion in the parameter $ϵ={z}_{b}\ensuremath{-}2$, where zb{z}_{b}zb​ is the dynamical critical exponent of the boson field. We show how this limit allows a systematic calculation of the universal low-energy physics of these problems. The method is illustrated by studying spinon Fermi-surface spin liquids, and a quantum critical metal at a second-order electronic nematic phase transition. We calculate the low-energy single-particle spectra, and various interesting two-particle correlation functions. In some cases, deviations from the popular random-phase approximation results are found. Some of the same universal singularities are also calculated to leading nonvanishing order using a perturbative renormalization-group calculation at small NNN extending previous results of Nayak and Wilczek. Implications for quantum spin liquids and for Pomeranchuk transitions are discussed. For quantum critical metals at a nematic transition, we show that the tunneling density of states has a power-law suppression at low energies.