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arXiv:1606.00733 · Physical Review A

Coherent light in intense spatiospectral twin beams

Jan Peřina

Published Jun 28, 2016• 14 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Intense spatio-spectral twin beams generated in the regime with pump depletion are analyzed applying a suggested quantum model that treats the signal, idler, and pump fields in the same way. The model assumes the signal and idler fields in the form of the generalized superposition of signal and noise and reveals nonzero signal coherent components in both fields, contrary to the models developed earlier. The influence of coherent components on the properties of intense twin beams is elucidated. The interference pattern formed in the process of sum-frequency generation and that of the Hong--Ou--Mandel interferometer are shown to be able to experimentally confirm the presence of coherent components.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.063857

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Intense spatio-spectral twin beams generated in the regime with pump depletion are analyzed applying a suggested quantum model that treats the signal, idler, and pump fields in the same way. The model assumes the signal and idler fields in the form of the generalized superposition of signal and noise and reveals nonzero signal coherent components in both fields, contrary to the models developed earlier. The influence of coherent components on the properties of intense twin beams is elucidated. The interference pattern formed in the process of sum-frequency generation and that of the Hong--Ou--Mandel interferometer are shown to be able to experimentally confirm the presence of coherent components.
Using the model of parametric interaction based on the spatiospectral Schmidt modes and generalized parametric approximation, we analyze coherence and the mode structure of ultraintense twin beams generated in the regime with pump depletion. We show that the increase of spatial and spectral coherence with the increasing pump power observed for moderate powers is replaced by a decrease for the pump powers at which pump depletion occurs. This behavior of coherence is opposed to that exhibited by a number of spatiospectral modes effectively constituting the twin beam. The conditions for maximal coherence are analyzed by considering pump-beam parameters (spectral width and transverse radius). The existence of additional coherence maxima occurring at even higher pump powers is predicted and explained by the oscillatory evolution of the modes' populations.
Strong correlations between the signal and idler beams imprinted during their generation dominantly determine the properties of twin beams. They are also responsible for the waves in intensity coherence observed in the wave-vector space of a twin beam propagating in a nonlinear crystal in the regime with pump depletion. These waves start to develop at certain twin-beam intensities and move from the signal- and idler-beam centers towards their tails. They manifest themselves via the change of coherence volume monitored in the far field by the measurement of local modified g‾(2){\overline{g}}^{(2)}g​(2) function, which acts as a sensitive and stable tool for investigating field intensity coherence.
Twin-beam coherence properties are analyzed in both spatial and spectral domains at high gain, including also the regime of pump depletion. We show an increase in the size of the intensity autocorrelation and cross-correlation areas at increasing pump power, replaced by a decrease in the pump depletion regime. This effect is interpreted as a progressive loss in the mode selection occurring at high-gain amplification. The experimental determination of the number of spatiospectral modes from the measurements of the g(2){g}^{(2)}g(2)-intensity autocorrelation coefficient confirms this explanation.
Abstract Properties of intense twin beams generated in parametric down-conversion in periodically poled LiNbO3 crystals and their chirped variants by intense pump fields are analyzed along the model of intense parametric down-conversion that allows for pump depletion and uses the dual spatio-spectral Schmidt modes. Spectral and spatial intensity auto- and cross-correlation functions are determined as they depend on the pump power. Temporal correlations in intense twin beams at the fs time scale are investigated using the Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and the process of sum-frequency generation.
The dynamics of intense twin beams in pump-depleted parametric down-conversion is studied. A generalized parametric approximation is suggested to solve the quantum model. Its comparison with a semiclassical model valid for larger twin-beam intensities confirms its applicability. The experimentally observed maxima in the spectral and spatial intensity auto- and cross- correlation functions depending on pump power are explained in terms of different speeds of the (back-) flow of energy between the individual down-converted modes and the corresponding pump modes. This effect is also responsible for the gradual replacement of the initial exponential growth of the down-converted fields by the linear one. Furthermore, it forms a minimum in the curve giving the effective number of twin-beam modes. These effects manifest a tight relation between the twin-beam coherence and its internal structure, as clearly visible in the model. Multiple maxima in the intensity correlation functions originating in the oscillations of energy flow between the pump and down-converted modes are theoretically predicted.