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arXiv:1606.00090

The heralded amplification for the single-photon multi-mode W state of the time-bin qubit

Lan Zhou, Yu‐Bo Sheng

Published Jun 1, 2016• 0 citations
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Abstract

We put forward an effective amplification protocol for protecting the single-photon multi-mode W state of the time-bin qubit. The protocol only relies on linear optical elements, such as the $50:50$ beam splitters, variable beam splitters with the transmission of $t$ and the polarizing beam splitters. Only one pair of the single-photon multi-mode W state and some auxiliary single photons are required, and the fidelity of the single-photon multi-mode W state can be increased under $t

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1606.00090

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We put forward an effective amplification protocol for protecting the single-photon multi-mode W state of the time-bin qubit. The protocol only relies on linear optical elements, such as the 50:5050:5050:50 beam splitters, variable beam splitters with the transmission of ttt and the polarizing beam splitters. Only one pair of the single-photon multi-mode W state and some auxiliary single photons are required, and the fidelity of the single-photon multi-mode W state can be increased under $t
We put forward an effective amplification protocol for protecting the single-photon entangled state of the time-bin qubit. The protocol only requires one pair of the single-photon entangled state and some auxiliary single photons. With the help of the 50:50 beam splitters, variable beam splitters with the transmission of ttt and the polarizing beam splitters, we can increase the fidelity of the single-photon entangled state under $t
Single-photon entanglement (SPE) is an important source in quantum communication. In this paper, we put forward a single-photon-assisted noiseless linear amplification protocol to protect the SPE of an arbitrary polarization–time-bin qudit from the photon transmission loss caused by the practical channel noise. After the amplification, the fidelity of the SPE can be effectively increased. Meanwhile, the encoded polarization–time-bin features of the qudit can be well preserved. The protocol can be realized under the current experimental conditions. Moreover, the amplification protocol can be extended to resist complete photon loss and partial photon loss during the photon transmission. After the amplification, we can not only increase the fidelity of the target state, but also solve the decoherence problem simultaneously. Based on the above features, our amplification protocol may be useful in future quantum communication.
Multiphoton entanglement is an important resource for linear optics quantum computing. Here we show that a wide range of highly entangled multiphoton states, including WWW-states, can be prepared by interfering single photons inside a Bell multiport beam splitter and using postselection. A successful state preparation is indicated by the collection of one photon per output port. An advantage of the Bell multiport beam splitter is that it redirects the photons without changing their inner degrees of freedom. The described setup can therefore be used to generate polarization, time-bin, and frequency multiphoton entanglement, even when using only a single photon source.
Quantum communication is based on the basic principles of quantum mechanics such as the Heisenberg uncertainty and the no-cloning theorem. Quantum communication can detect the eavesdropping, so that it has unconditional security in theory. Coherent state is an important continuous-variable resource in the quantum communication field. The hyper-encoded coherent states mean encoding in two or more degrees of freedom (DOFs) of each photon in the coherent state, which can increase the capacity of single photon and has potential applications in future high-capacity quantum communication field. However, during practical applications, the channel noise may cause photon transmission loss, which will largely reduce quantum communication’s efficiency, even threaten its security. As a result, the photon transmission loss largely limits the applications of the hyper-encoded coherent states. The noiseless linear amplification (NLA) is a promising method to solve the photon transmission loss problem. However, no existing NLA schemes can be used for the hyper-encoded coherent states. In the paper, we propose an NLA protocol for arbitrary polarization-time-bin hyper-encoded coherent states assisted by auxiliary single photons. This NLA protocol adopts the quantum scissor (QS) devices in the parallel structure. The protocol first splits the input coherent state into N paths with the help of the first beam splitter array, which makes the coherent state in each path be a weak coherent state. Then, it applies the QS in each path. Only when the QS in each path obtains the successful photon-detector response, the whole NLA protocol will be successful. In this case, the output states in all paths will be finally converged into one output path with the help of the second beam splitter array. By adjusting the transmittance of the variable beam splitters in each QS, the NLA protocol can increase the average photon number of the output coherent state, and thus realize the amplification of the coherent state. Meanwhile, the hyper-encoded features in the polarization and time-bin DOFs can be perfectly preserved. Our NLA protocol only requires the common optical elements, so that it can be realized under current experimental conditions. Then, we analyze the performance of our NLA protocol with practical experimental conditions. First, the NLA protocol requires the photon-number-resolving detectors in theory, which are unavailable under practical experimental conditions. With practical imperfect photon detectors, which cannot distinguish the input photon number and have relatively low detection efficiency, the total success probability of the NLA protocol will decrease. Meanwhile, some unwanted disturb items may be introduced into the output state with a small probability, so that the fidelity of the target coherent state in the output state will decrease. Second, the NLA protocol requires an infinite N in theory. In practical experiments, we can only choose a finite N. In this way, besides the amplification, the NLA protocol will perform the N-photon truncation of the coherent state. With the growth of N, the fidelity of the output state will increase, but the total success probability of this NLA protocol will decrease. In conclusion, our NLA protocol can realize the amplification of the polarization-time-bin hyper-encoded coherent state and preserve the hyper-encoded features of the photons. Meanwhile, it can be realized under current experimental conditions. Our protocol has application potential in the future quantum communication field.
We design an effect protocol for protecting the single-photon entanglement from photon loss and decoherence. The protocol only requires some auxiliary single photons and the linear optical elements. By operating the protocol, the photon loss can be effectively decreased and the less entangled single photon state can be recovered to the maximally entangled state with some probability. Moreover, the polarization information encoded in the single photon state can be perfectly contained. The protocol can be realized under current experimental condition. As the single photon entanglement is quite important in quantum communication, this protocol may be useful in current and future quantum information processing.