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arXiv:1603.09249 · Nuclear Physics B

Algebraic Bethe ansatz for the quantum group invariant open XXZ chain at roots of unity

Azat M. Gainutdinov, Rafael I. Nepomechie

Published Jun 11, 2016• 36 citations

Abstract

For generic values of q, all the eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the Uqsl(2)-invariant open spin-1/2 XXZ chain with finite length N can be constructed using the algebraic Bethe ansatz (ABA) formalism of Sklyanin. However, when q is a root of unity (q=eiπ/p with integer p≥2), the Bethe equations acquire continuous solutions, and the transfer matrix develops Jordan cells. Hence, there appear eigenvectors of two new types: eigenvectors corresponding to continuous solutions (exact complete p-strings), and generalized eigenvectors. We propose general ABA constructions for these two new types of eigenvectors. We present many explicit examples, and we construct complete sets of (generalized) eigenvectors for various values of p and N.

DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2016.06.007

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For generic values of q, all the eigenvectors of the transfer matrix of the Uqsl(2)-invariant open spin-1/2 XXZ chain with finite length N can be constructed using the algebraic Bethe ansatz (ABA) formalism of Sklyanin. However, when q is a root of unity (q=eiπ/p with integer p≥2), the Bethe equations acquire continuous solutions, and the transfer matrix develops Jordan cells. Hence, there appear eigenvectors of two new types: eigenvectors corresponding to continuous solutions (exact complete p-strings), and generalized eigenvectors. We propose general ABA constructions for these two new types of eigenvectors. We present many explicit examples, and we construct complete sets of (generalized) eigenvectors for various values of p and N.

We consider the -invariant open spin-1/2 XXZ quantum spin chain of finite length N . For the case that q is a root of unity, we propose a formula for the number of admissible solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations in terms of dimensions of irreducible representations of the Temperley–Lieb algebra; and a formula for the degeneracies of the transfer matrix eigenvalues in terms of dimensions of tilting -modules. These formulas include corrections that appear if two or more tilting modules are spectrum-degenerate. For the XX case ( ), we give explicit formulas for the number of admissible solutions and degeneracies. We also consider the cases of generic q and the isotropic ( ) limit. Numerical solutions of the Bethe equations up to N = 8 are presented. Our results are consistent with the Bethe ansatz solution being complete.

We consider the sl(2)_q-invariant open spin-1/2 XXZ quantum spin chain of finite length N. For the case that q is a root of unity, we propose a formula for the number of admissible solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations in terms of dimensions of irreducible representations of the Temperley-Lieb algebra; and a formula for the degeneracies of the transfer matrix eigenvalues in terms of dimensions of tilting sl(2)_q-modules. These formulas include corrections that appear if two or more tilting modules are spectrum-degenerate. For the XX case (q=exp(i pi/2)), we give explicit formulas for the number of admissible solutions and degeneracies. We also consider the cases of generic q and the isotropic (q->1) limit. Numerical solutions of the Bethe equations up to N=8 are presented. Our results are consistent with the Bethe ansatz solution being complete.

We consider the open spin- s XXZ quantum spin chain with N sites and general integrable boundary terms for generic values of the bulk anisotropy parameter, and for values of the boundary parameters which satisfy a certain constraint. We derive two sets of Bethe ansatz equations, and find numerical evidence that together they give the complete set of (2 s +1) N eigenvalues of the transfer matrix. For the case of s = 1, we explicitly determine the Hamiltonian, and find an expression for its eigenvalues in terms of Bethe roots.

We propose a Bethe-Ansatz-type solution of the open spin-1/2 integrable XXZ quantum spin chain with general integrable boundary terms and bulk anisotropy values i \\pi/(p+1), where p is a positive integer. All six boundary parameters are arbitrary, and need not satisfy any constraint. The solution is in terms of generalized T - Q equations, having more than one Q function. We find numerical evidence that this solution gives the complete set of 2^N transfer matrix eigenvalues, where N is the number of spins.

We review recent results on the Bethe Ansatz solutions for the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix of an integrable open XXZ quantum spin chain using functional relations which the transfer matrix obeys at roots of unity. First, we consider a case where at most two of the boundary parameters {{

\\alpha_-

,

\\alpha_+

,

\\beta_-

,

\\beta_+

}} are nonzero. A generalization of the Baxter

T-Q

equation that involves more than one independent

Q

is described. We use this solution to compute the boundary energy of the chain in the thermodynamic limit. We conclude the paper with a review of some results for the general integrable boundary terms, where all six boundary parameters are arbitrary.