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arXiv:1603.08061 · Physical Review A

Comparison of the sensitivity to systematic errors between nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric gates and their dynamical counterparts

Shi‐Biao Zheng, Chui-Ping Yang, Franco Nori

Published Mar 9, 2016• 74 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We investigate the effects of systematic errors of the control parameters on single-qubit gates based on nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric holonomies and those relying on purely dynamical evolution. It is explicitly shown that the systematic error in the Rabi frequency of the control fields affects these two kinds of gates in different ways. In the presence of this systematic error, the transformation produced by the nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric gate is not unitary in the computational space, and the resulting gate infidelity is larger than that with the dynamical method. Our results provide a theoretical basis for choosing a suitable method for implementing elementary quantum gates in physical systems, where the systematic noises are the dominant noise source.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.032313

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We investigate the effects of systematic errors of the control parameters on single-qubit gates based on nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric holonomies and those relying on purely dynamical evolution. It is explicitly shown that the systematic error in the Rabi frequency of the control fields affects these two kinds of gates in different ways. In the presence of this systematic error, the transformation produced by the nonadiabatic non-Abelian geometric gate is not unitary in the computational space, and the resulting gate infidelity is larger than that with the dynamical method. Our results provide a theoretical basis for choosing a suitable method for implementing elementary quantum gates in physical systems, where the systematic noises are the dominant noise source.
It is proposed that high-speed universal quantum gates can be realized by using non-Abelian holonomic transformation. A cyclic evolution path which brings the system periodically back to a degenerate qubit subspace is crucial to holonomic quantum computing. The cyclic nature and the resulting gate operations are fully dependent on the precise control of driving parameters, such as the modulated envelop function of Rabi frequency and the control phases. We investigate the effects of fluctuations in these driving parameters on the transformation fidelity of a universal set of single-qubit quantum gates. We compare the damage effects from different noise sources and determine the ``sweet spots'' in the driving parameter space. The nonadiabatic non-Abelian quantum gate is found to be more susceptible to classical noises on the envelop function than that on the control phases. We also extend our study to a two-qubit quantum gate.
Universal single-qubit gates are constructed from a basic Bloch rotation operator realized through nonadiabatic Abelian geometric phase. The driving Hamiltonian in a generic two-level model is parameterized using controllable physical variables. The fidelity of the basic geometric rotation operator is investigated in the presence of systematic error in control parameters, such as the driving pulse area and frequency detuning. Compared to a conventional dynamic rotation, the geometric rotation shows improved fidelity.
Holonomic quantum computation uses non-Abelian geometric phases to realize error resilient quantum gates. Nonadiabatic holonomic gates are particularly suitable to avoid unwanted decoherence effects, as they can be performed at high speed. By letting the computational system interact with a structured environment, we show that the scope of error resilience of nonadiabatic holonomic gates can be widened to include systematic parameter errors. Our scheme maintains the geometric properties of the evolution and results in an environment-assisted holonomic quantum map that can mimic the effect of a holonomic gate. We demonstrate that the sensitivity to systematic errors can be reduced in a proof-of-concept spin-bath model.
Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation (NHQC) is implemented by fast evolution processes in a geometric way to withstand local noises. However, recent works of implementing NHQC are sensitive to the systematic noise and error. Here, we present a path-optimized NHQC (PONHQC) scheme based on the non-Abelian geometric phase, and find that a geometric gate can be constructed by different evolution paths, which have different responses to systematic noises. Due to the flexibility of the PONHQC scheme, we can choose an optimized path that can lead to excellent gate performance. Numerical simulation shows that our optimized scheme can greatly outperform the conventional NHQC scheme, in terms of both fidelity and robustness of the gates. In addition, we propose to implement our strategy on superconducting quantum circuits with decoherence-free subspace encoding with the experiment-friendly two-body exchange interaction. Therefore, we present a flexible NHQC scheme that is promising for the future robust quantum computation.
Quantum gates based on geometric phases possess intrinsic noise-resilience features and attract much attention. However, the implementations of previous geometric quantum computation typically require a long pulse time of gates. As a result, their experimental control inevitably suffers from the cumulative disturbances of systematic errors due to excessive time consumption. Here, we experimentally implement noncyclic and nonadiabatic geometric quantum gates in a superconducting circuit, significantly shortening the gate time. Moreover, we experimentally verify that our universal single-qubit geometric gates are more robust to both the Rabi frequency and the qubit frequency shift-induced error, compared with the conventional dynamical gates, using the randomized benchmarking method. This scheme can also be utilized to construct two-qubit geometric operations while the generation of maximally entangled Bell states is demonstrated. Therefore, our results provide a promising routine to achieve fast, high-fidelity, and error-resilient quantum gates in superconducting quantum circuits.
Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation (NHQC) based on non-Abelian geometric phases can possess potential robustness advantages due to its intrinsic error-resilient features. However, rigorous geometric conditions, including cyclic evolution and parallel transport conditions, typically demand complex and error-prone control and also involve additional auxiliary resources. Moreover, the limitations of optional evolution paths in previous NHQC schemes make it difficult to avoid path segments that are heavily affected by systematic errors, thereby weakening the error resilience of holonomic gates. To address this problem, we propose a multipath NHQC scheme, which can sufficiently improve the robustness of quantum gates by flexibly correcting geometric evolution paths. Numerical simulation results show that our scheme surpasses previous NHQC schemes in suppressing systematic errors for arbitrary gate types. In addition, we provide a physical implementation based on superconducting quantum circuits, with the decoherence-free-subspace encoding and an experiment-friendly two-body exchange interaction, demonstrating the excellent compatibility of our scheme. Therefore, our scheme offers a promising alternative for future fault-tolerant quantum computation.