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arXiv:1603.05927 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Shaken not stirred: creating exotic angular momentum states by shaking an optical lattice

Anthony Kiely, Albert Benseny, Thomas Busch, A. Ruschhaupt

Published Oct 18, 2016• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a method to create higher orbital states of ultracold atoms in the Mott regime of an optical lattice. This is done by periodically modulating the position of the trap minima (known as shaking) and controlling the interference term of the lasers creating the lattice. These methods are combined with techniques of shortcuts to adiabaticity. As an example of this, we show specifically how to create an anti-ferromagnetic type ordering of angular momentum states of atoms. The specific pulse sequences are designed using Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants and a four-level model for each well. The results are compared with numerical simulations of the full Schrödinger equation.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/49/21/215003

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We propose a method to create higher orbital states of ultracold atoms in the Mott regime of an optical lattice. This is done by periodically modulating the position of the trap minima (known as shaking) and controlling the interference term of the lasers creating the lattice. These methods are combined with techniques of shortcuts to adiabaticity. As an example of this, we show specifically how to create an anti-ferromagnetic type ordering of angular momentum states of atoms. The specific pulse sequences are designed using Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants and a four-level model for each well. The results are compared with numerical simulations of the full Schrödinger equation.
We propose a method to selectively populate a large-angular-momentum state of ultracold atoms (each with an orbital angular momentum $l\ensuremath{\approx}2\ensuremath{\hbar}$) in the Mott regime of a two-dimensional optical lattice. This is done by periodically modulating the lattice amplitude and implementing an additional rotated rectangular lattice of shorter wavelength. The specific pulse sequences are designed using a four-level model for each well and are implemented sequentially. The results are confirmed with numerical simulations of the full Schr\"odinger equation. These methods are another step in constructing a modular toolbox of operations for creating higher orbital states in optical lattices.
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Observation of 2D Mott insulator and πππ-superfluid quantum phase transition in shaking optical lattice
The Mott insulator and superfluid phase transition is one of the most prominent phenomena in ultracold atoms. In this work, we report the observation of a novel 2D quantum phase transition between Mott insulator and πππ superfluid in a shaking optical lattice. In the deep optical lattice regime, the lowest sss-band can be tuned to Mott phase, while the higher px,yp_{x,y}px,y​ bands are itinerant for having larger bandwidth. Through a shaking technique coupling the sss orbital to px,yp_{x,y}px,y​ orbital states, we experimentally observe the transition between the states of the sss and px,yp_{x,y}px,y​ bands, leading to a quantum phase transition from 2D sss-orbital Mott phase to the px,yp_{x,y}px,y​-orbital superfluid which condensed at (π,π)(π,π)(π,π) momentum.
Motivated by recent experimental progress achieved with ultracold atoms in kilohertz-driven optical lattices, we provide a theoretical discussion of mechanisms governing the response of a particle in a cosine lattice potential to strong forcing pulses with smooth envelope. Such pulses effectuate adiabatic motion of a wave packet's momentum distribution on quasienergy surfaces created by spatiotemporal Bloch waves. Deviations from adiabaticity can then be deliberately exploited for exerting coherent control and for reaching target states which may not be accessible by other means. As one particular example, we consider an analog of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses known from optical resonance. We also suggest adapting further techniques previously developed for controlling atomic and molecular dynamics by laser pulses to the coherent control of matter waves in shaken optical lattices.
Spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in understanding exotic quantum phases. In this work, we present a scheme to combine spin-orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling and strong correlations in ultracold atomic gases. Essential ingredients of this setting is the interplay of SOAM coupling and Raman-induced spin-flip hopping, engineered by lasers that couples different hyperfine spin states. In the presence of SOAM coupling only, we find rich quantum phases in the Mott-insulating regime, which support different types of spin defects such as spin vortex and composite vortex with antiferromagnetic core surrounded by the outer spin vortex. Based on an effective exchange model, we find that these competing spin textures are a result of the interplay of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya and Heisenberg exchange interactions. In the presence of both SOAM coupling and Raman-induced spin-flip hopping, more many-body phases appear, including canted-antiferromagnetic and stripe phases. Our prediction suggests that SOAM coupling could induce rich exotic many-body phases in the strongly interacting regime.
The Mott insulator and superfluid phase transition is one of the most prominent phenomena in ultracold atoms. We report the observation of a novel 2D quantum phase transition between the Mott insulator and π superfluid in a shaking optical lattice. In the deep optical lattice regime, the lowest S band can be tuned to Mott phase, while the higher px,y bands are itinerant for having larger bandwidth. Through a shaking technique coupling the s-orbital to px,y -orbital states, we experimentally observe the transition between the states of the S and px,y bands, leading to a quantum phase transition from two-dimensional s-orbital Mott phase to the px,y -orbital superfluid which condensed at (π, π) momentum. Using the band-mapping method, we also observe the changes of atomic population in different energy bands during the transition, and the experimental results are well consistent with theoretical expectations.