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arXiv:1603.05009 · Physical Review A

Reduced quantum dynamics with initial system-environment correlations characterized by pure Markov states

Aysenur Turkmen, Abdullah Verçin, S. Yılmaz

Published Sep 8, 2016• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Any tripartite state which saturates the strong subadditivity relation for the quantum entropy is defined as the Markov state. A tripartite pure state describing an open system, its environment, and their purifying system is a pure Markov state if and only if the bipartite marginal state of the purifying system and environment is a product state. It has been shown that as long as the purification of the input system-environment state is a pure Markov state, the reduced dynamics of the open system can be described, on the support of the initial system state, by a quantum channel for every joint unitary evolution of the system-environment composite even in the presence of initial correlations. Entanglement, discord, and classical correlations of the initial system-environment states implied by the pure Markov states are analyzed and it has been shown that all these correlations are entirely specified by the entropy of environment. Some implications concerning perfect quantum error correction procedure and quantum Markovian dynamics are presented.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.032308

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Any tripartite state which saturates the strong subadditivity relation for the quantum entropy is defined as the Markov state. A tripartite pure state describing an open system, its environment, and their purifying system is a pure Markov state if and only if the bipartite marginal state of the purifying system and environment is a product state. It has been shown that as long as the purification of the input system-environment state is a pure Markov state, the reduced dynamics of the open system can be described, on the support of the initial system state, by a quantum channel for every joint unitary evolution of the system-environment composite even in the presence of initial correlations. Entanglement, discord, and classical correlations of the initial system-environment states implied by the pure Markov states are analyzed and it has been shown that all these correlations are entirely specified by the entropy of environment. Some implications concerning perfect quantum error correction procedure and quantum Markovian dynamics are presented.
Quantum error correction is studied in a framework consisting of an open quantum system and its environment, jointly subjected to a unitary action, and an interaction-free reference system. It has been shown that coherent information between the initially correlated open system and reference system is conserved in the transmission stage of any quantum communication process, provided that the tripartite input is any pure Markov state and the overall evolution preserves its form. This conservation constitutes the necessary and sufficient condition for accomplishment of perfect error correction by a recovery channel even in the presence of initial system-environment correlations. Explicit expressions of the recovery operators and examples of the joint unitary evolution preserving the form of inputs are given for all classes of pure Markov states.
We study the role of correlations with the environment as the source of non-Markovian quantum evolutions. We first focus on the impact that correlations with the environment can have on the dynamical map that evolve the system. We expand the set of initial states of a system and its environment that are known to guarantee completely positive reduced dynamics for the system when the combined state evolves unitarily. We characterize the correlations in the initial state in terms of its quantum discord. The induced maps can be not completely positive when quantum correlations including, but not limited to, entanglement are present. We discuss the implications and limitations of the Markov approximation necessary to derive the Kossakowski-Lindblad master equation. A generalized non-Markovian master equation is derived from the dynamical map of systems correlated with their environment. The physical meaning of not completely positive maps is studied to obtain a consistent theory of non-Markovian quantum dynamics. These are associated to inverse maps necessary to establish correlations and they give rise to a canonical embedding map that is local in time. This master equation goes beyond the Kossakowski-Lindblad master equation. Non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics can be be studied within this theory. Through out this discussion, the general dynamics of two interacting qubits is used as an example for illustrations.
We determine the total state dynamics of a dephasing open quantum system using the standard environment of harmonic oscillators. Of particular interest are random unitary approaches to the same reduced dynamics and system–environment correlations in the full model. Concentrating on a model with an at times negative dephasing rate, the issue of 'non-Markovianity' will also be addressed. Crucially, given the quantum environment, the appearance of non-Markovian dynamics turns out to be accompanied by a loss of system–environment correlations. Depending on the initial purity of the qubit state, these system–environment correlations may be purely classical over the whole relevant time scale, or there may be intervals of genuine system–environment entanglement. In the latter case, we see no obvious relation between the build-up or decay of these quantum correlations and 'non-Markovianity'.
Consider an open quantum system S, interacting with its environment E, and also an ancillary Hilbert space R. The reduced dynamics of the system S is given by a completely positive map, if the set S={ρSE} , of possible initial states of the system-environment, can be written as a steered set from a tripartite Markov state ƮRSE. In this paper, we call such steered states as Markovian states ρSE, and study a physical case, in which the reduced dynamics of the system can be completely positive, even when the initial states of the system-environment ρSE are non-Markovian.
It is now increasingly realized in the study of open system dynamics that initial correlations do not pose a conceptual difficulty as traditionally believed. A similar methodology as used to describe initial product states can be adopted, with the only difference being that the reduced dynamics is possibly not completely positive, entailing that only a restricted set of initial reduced states lead to a physically valid dynamics. Here we study the interplay between the initial correlations, especially in the form of highly entangled states, and the system–environment unitary. In particular, for almost any initial entangled state, one can furnish infinitely many joint unitaries that generate CP dynamics on the system. Restricting to the case of initial, pure entangled states, we obtain the scaling of the dimension of the set of these unitaries and show that it is of zero measure in the set of all possible interaction unitaries.
Abstract. In an initially uncorrelated mixed separable bi-partite system, quantum correlations can emerge under the action of a local measurement or local noise [1]. We analyze this counter-intuitive phenomenon using quantum discord as a quantifier. We then relate changes in quantum discord to system-environment correlations between the system in a mixed state and some purifying environmental mode using the Koashi-Winter inequality. On this basis, we suggest an interpretation of discord as a byproduct of transferring entanglement and correlations around the different subsystems of a global pure state.