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arXiv:1603.02847 · Optics Letters

Doppler-free approach to optical pumping dynamics in the 6S_1/2−5D_5/2 electric quadrupole transition of cesium vapor

Eng Aik Chan, Syed Abdullah Aljunid, Nikolay I. Zheludev, David Wilkowski, M. Ducloy

Published Apr 20, 2016• 37 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

electric quadrupole transition is investigated in cesium vapor at room temperature via nonlinear Doppler-free 6P-6S-5D three-level spectroscopy. Frequency-resolved studies of individual E2 hyperfine lines allow one to analyze the optical pumping dynamics, polarization selection rules, and line intensities. It opens the way to studies of transfer of light orbital angular momentum to atoms and the influence of metamaterials on E2 line spectra.

DOI
10.1364/ol.41.002005

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electric quadrupole transition is investigated in cesium vapor at room temperature via nonlinear Doppler-free 6P-6S-5D three-level spectroscopy. Frequency-resolved studies of individual E2 hyperfine lines allow one to analyze the optical pumping dynamics, polarization selection rules, and line intensities. It opens the way to studies of transfer of light orbital angular momentum to atoms and the influence of metamaterials on E2 line spectra.
We report on the coupling of an electric quadrupole transition in atomic vapor with plasmonic excitation in a nanostructured metallic metamaterial. The quadrupole transition at 685 nm in the gas of cesium atoms is optically pumped, while the induced ground-state population depletion is probed with light tuned on the strong electric dipole transition at 852 nm. We use selective reflection to resolve the Doppler-free hyperfine structure of cesium atoms. We observe a strong modification of the reflection spectra at the presence of metamaterial and discuss the role of the spatial variation of the surface plasmon polariton on the quadrupole coupling.
Abstract Doppler-free optical double-resonance spectroscopy is used to study the 5 s 1 / 2 → 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 3 / 2 excitation sequence in room-temperature rubidium atoms. This involves a 5 s 1 / 2 → 5 p 3 / 2 electric dipole preparation step followed by the 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 3 / 2 electric quadrupole excitation. A detailed experimental and theoretical study of the dependance on the excitation beams polarization from the 420 nm decay fluorescence ( 6 p 3 / 2 → 5 s 1 / 2 ) is presented. When a circularly polarized preparation beam is used, it produces a strongly oriented 5 p 3 / 2 intermediate state. In this case a linear quadrupole excitation beam transfers the oriented state to the 6 p 3 / 2 hyperfine states. For linearly polarized preparation and quadrupole excitation beams the spectra of the 6 p 3 / 2 hyperfine lines follow a cosine squared dependence on the angle betwe
Electric-dipole-forbidden transitions play an important role in quantum sensing, quantum information, and fundamental tests in physics. As such, the development of novel and sensitive spectroscopic methods is of major interest. Here, we present a Doppler-free selective reflection experiment on the 62S1/2–52D5/2 electric-quadrupole transition of cesium vapor at the vicinity of a sapphire window. The spectrum is obtained by precision experiments overcoming limitations due to the small-signal amplitude of forbidden transitions. The observed sub-Doppler lines allow us to measure the collisional broadening of the electric-quadrupole line. The interaction of cesium atoms with the sapphire surface of the cell is also evidenced, but, due to its weak contribution, a quantitative analysis remains challenging. Our experiment paves the way for further studies of the Casimir–Polder interaction between exotic excited-state atoms and dielectric surfaces.
Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
Abstract This article presents detailed experimental and theoretical studies of the satellite fluorescence lines observed when the <?CDATA $5P_{3/2} \to 6P_J $?> 5 P 3 / 2 → 6 P J , ( <?CDATA $J = 1/2 $?> J = 1 / 2 , <?CDATA 3/23/23/2?> 3 / 2 ) electric quadrupole transition (E2) is excited in a room temperature vapor of rubidium atoms. The initial state of this E2 transition is prepared by a narrow linewidth (9 MHz) laser locked to one of the dominant <?CDATA $5S_{1/2} \to 5P_{3/2} $?> 5 S 1 / 2 → 5 P 3 / 2 D2 hyperfine excitations for zero-velocity atoms. Effects due to the selection of different atomic velocity classes in this preparation step are responsible for the presence of several satellite lines that can be found in the fluorescence decay spectra of both 85Rb and 87Rb. Compared to the main lines, these satellites do not show a strong dependence on the relative linear polarization directions of the lasers used in the preparation and the electric quadrupole steps. The relative intensities of the satellites decrease as the intensity of the preparation laser increases. Results of a rate equation calculation that explicitly includes selection-of-velocity effects indicate that optical pumping plays a central role in determining the relative intensities and the polarization dependence of the satellite lines. When the preparation laser is locked to the <?CDATA 5S1/2 F1=1→5P3/2 F2=05S_{1/2} \ F_1 = 1 \to 5P_{3/2} \ F_2 = 05S1/2​ F1​=1→5P3/2​ F2​=0?> 5 S 1 / 2 F 1 = 1 → 5 P 3 / 2 F 2 = 0 low-F cyclic transition in 87Rb, six lines were found in addition to the <?CDATA $5P_{3/2} \ F_2 = 0 \to 6P_{3/2} \ F_3 = 2 $?> 5 P 3 / 2 F 2 = 0 → 6 P 3 / 2 F 3 = 2 lone electric quadrupole transition for zero velocity atoms. In this case, the calculated spectrum is necessary for the correct interpretation of the experimental results, clearly indicating that optical pumping and selection of velocities are responsible for these six additional electric quadrupole lines.
Abstract We present the first evidence of excitation of the 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 1 / 2 electric dipole-forbidden transition in atomic rubidium. The experiments were done in a rubidium vapor cell using Doppler-free optical–optical double resonance spectroscopy with counter-propagating beams, with a similar scheme to the excitation of the other fine transition 6 p 3/2 in the 6 p J manifold reported in Ponciano-Ojeda et al (2015 Phys. Rev. A 92 042511). The 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 1 / 2 dipole-forbidden excitation occurs at a wavelength λ ≈ 917.5 nm. The spectra showed the two main hyperfine states of the 6 p 1/2 manifold, and also resolved up to three satellites that appear due to effects of selection of velocities in thermal rubidium atoms. The polarization dependence of the relative intensities of the hyperfine lines of the decay fluorescence is also investigated. The data show that the individual line intensities and also the total cross-section have a strong dependence on the polarization direction. Experimental data for different polarization configurations of the light beams used in this two-photon spectroscopy are compared with the results of calculations that consider a strong atom-field coupling in the preparation step, followed by a weak electric quadrupole excitation and the blue fluorescence decay emission. Good agreement between experiment and this three-step model is found in the case of linear–linear polarizations, which confirms the results found for the 5 p 3 / 2 → 6 p 3 / 2 forbidden transition. The results presented here complete the information about the 5 p 3/2 → 6 p J electric dipole-forbidden transition in rubidium.