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arXiv:1603.02507 · Journal of Physics Conference Series

Phonon instability of insulating states in optical lattices

Vyacheslav I. Yukalov, K. Ziegler

Published Feb 1, 2016• 3 citations
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Abstract

The influence of collective phonon excitations, due to intersite atomic interactions, on the stability of optical lattices is analyzed. These phonon excitations are shown to essentially reduce the ability of atoms to be localized. The states that seem to be insulating in the absence of the phonon excitations can become delocalized when the latter are present. The delocalization effect exists for both long-range as well as local atomic interactions.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/691/1/012014

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The influence of collective phonon excitations, due to intersite atomic interactions, on the stability of optical lattices is analyzed. These phonon excitations are shown to essentially reduce the ability of atoms to be localized. The states that seem to be insulating in the absence of the phonon excitations can become delocalized when the latter are present. The delocalization effect exists for both long-range as well as local atomic interactions.
The effect of collective phonon excitations on the properties of cold atoms in optical lattices is investigated. These phonon excitations are collective excitations, whose appearance is caused by intersite atomic interactions correlating the atoms, and they do not arise without such interactions. These collective excitations should not be confused with lattice vibrations produced by an external force. No such force is assumed. But the considered phonons are purely self-organized collective excitations, characterizing atomic oscillations around lattice sites, due to intersite atomic interactions. It is shown that these excitations can essentially influence the possibility of atoms' being localized. The states that would be insulating in the absence of phonon excitations can become delocalized when these excitations are taken into account. This concerns long-range as well as local atomic interactions. To characterize the region of stability, the Lindemann criterion is used.
Abstract Optical lattices are considered loaded by atoms or molecules that can exhibit strong interactions between different lattice sites. The strength of these interactions can be sufficient for generating collective phonon excitations above the ground-state energy level. Varying the interaction strength makes it possible to create several equilibrium three-dimensional phases, including conducting optical lattices, insulating optical lattices, delocalized quantum crystals, and localized quantum crystals. Also, there can exist finite one- and two-dimensional lattices of chains and planes.
Abstract Optical lattices can be loaded with atoms which can have strong interactions, such that the interaction of atoms at different lattice sites cannot be neglected. Moreover, the intersite interactions can be so strong that it can force the atoms to form a self-organized lattice, such that exists in crystals. With increasing intersite interactions, there can appear several lattice states, including conducting optical lattices, insulating optical lattices, delocalized quantum crystals, and localized quantum crystals.
Optical lattices can be loaded with atoms which can have strong interactions, such that the interaction of atoms at different lattice sites cannot be neglected. Moreover, the intersite interactions can be so strong that it can force the atoms to form a self-organized lattice, such that exists in crystals. With increasing intersite interactions, there can appear several lattice states, including conducting optical lattices, insulating optical lattices, delocalized quantum crystals, and localized quantum crystals.
We study how the bosonic atoms on the excited ppp band of an optical lattice are coupled to the lowest sss band and the second excited ddd band. We find that in some parameter regimes, the atom-atom interactions can cause a dynamical instability of the ppp-band atoms toward decay to the sss and ddd bands. Furthermore, even when dynamical instability is not expected sss and ddd bands can become substantially populated. We also find that the stability properties of the excited bands can be improved in superlattices.
Double-well optical lattice in an insulating state is considered. The influence of atomic vibrations and mesoscopic disorder on the properties of the lattice are studied. Vibrations lead to the renormalization of atomic interactions. The occurrence of mesoscopic disorder results in the appearance of first-order phase transitions between the states with different levels of atomic imbalance. The existence of a nonuniform external potential, such as trapping potential, essentially changes the lattice properties, suppressing the disorder fraction and rising the transition temperature.