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arXiv:1603.02209 · Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics

Quantum hashing for finite abelian groups

Alexander Vasiliev

Published Nov 1, 2016• 33 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We propose a generalization of the quantum hashing technique based on the notion of small-bias sets. These sets have proved useful in different areas of computer science, and here their properties give an optimal construction for succinct quantum presentation of elements of any finite abelian group, which can be used in various computational and cryptographic scenarios. We consider two special cases of the proposed quantum hashing which turn out to be the known quantum fingerprinting schemas.

DOI
10.1134/s1995080216060184

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We propose a generalization of the quantum hashing technique based on the notion of small-bias sets. These sets have proved useful in different areas of computer science, and here their properties give an optimal construction for succinct quantum presentation of elements of any finite abelian group, which can be used in various computational and cryptographic scenarios. We consider two special cases of the proposed quantum hashing which turn out to be the known quantum fingerprinting schemas.
Fingerprinting and cryptographic hashing have quite different usages in computer science, but have similar properties. Interpretation of their properties is determined by the area of their usage: fingerprinting methods are methods for constructing efficient randomized and quantum algorithms for computational problems, whereas hashing methods are one of the central cryptographical primitives. Fingerprinting and hashing methods are being developed from the mid of the previous century, whereas quantum fingerprinting and quantum hashing have a short history. In this chapter, we investigate quantum fingerprinting and quantum hashing. We present computational aspects of quantum fingerprinting and quantum hashing and discuss cryptographical properties of quantum hashing.
The notion of quantum hashing formalized by F. Ablayev and A. Vasiliev in 2013. F. Ablayev and M. Ablayev in 2014 introduced the notion of quantum hash generator which is convenient technical tool for constructing quantum hash func- tions. M. Ziatdinov in 2014 presented group approach for constructing quantum hash functions. All these mentioned above results present constructions of quan- tum hash functions based on abelian groups. This paper continue the research on quantum hashing. Our approach allows us to construct quantum hash function working on any (finite) group. Also our approach allows us to construct quantum hash functions based on classical hash function from NC1NC^1NC1.
In this article, the properties of quantum hash functions are further explored. Previous findings show that so-called small-bias sets (special subsets of the set of elements of a cyclic group) generate a “phase” quantum hash function. Here, it was proved that they also generate an “amplitude” quantum hash function. Namely, it turned out that constructing small-bias sets while generating amplitude quantum functions yields a well-balanced combination of the cryptographic properties of unidirectionality and collision resistance. As a corollary of the obtained theorem, a general statement about the generation of new amplitude quantum hash functions based on universal hash families and small-bias sets was proved.