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arXiv:1602.07006 · Classical and Quantum Gravity

A (not so?) novel explanation for the very special initial state of the Universe

Elias Okon, Daniel Sudarsky

Published Oct 26, 2016• 10 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We put forward a proposal that combines objective collapse models, developed in connection with quantum-foundational questions, with the so-called Weyl curvature hypothesis, introduced by Roger Penrose as an attempt to account for the very special initial state of the Universe. In particular, we explain how a curvature dependence of the collapse rate in such models, an idea already shown to help in the context of black holes and information loss, could also offer a dynamical justification for Penrose's conjecture.

DOI
10.1088/0264-9381/33/22/225015

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Abstract We put forward a proposal that combines objective collapse models, developed in connection with quantum-foundational questions, with the so-called Weyl curvature hypothesis, introduced by Roger Penrose as an attempt to account for the very special initial state of the Universe. In particular, we explain how a curvature dependence of the collapse rate in such models, an idea already shown to help in the context of black holes and information loss, could also offer a dynamical justification for Penrose's conjecture.
We put forward a proposal that combines objective collapse models, developed in connection with quantum-foundational questions, with the so-called Weyl curvature hypothesis, introduced by Roger Penrose as an attempt to account for the very special initial state of the universe. In particular, we explain how a curvature dependence of the collapse rate in such models, an idea already shown to help in the context of black holes and information loss, could also offer a dynamical justification for Penrose's conjecture.
Inspired by possible connections between gravity and foundational question in quantum theory, we consider an approach for the adaptation of objective collapse models to a general relativistic context. We apply these ideas to a list of open problems in cosmology and quantum gravity, such as the emergence of seeds of cosmic structure, the black hole information issue, the problem of time in quantum gravity and, in a more speculative manner, to the nature of dark energy and the origin of the very special initial state of the universe. We conclude that objective collapse models offer a rather promising path to deal with all of these issues.
We study a proposal for the resolution of the black hole information puzzle within the context of modified versions of quantum theory involving spontaneous reduction of the quantum state. The theories of this kind, which were developed in order to address the so-called measurement problem in quantum theory have, in the past, been framed in a nonrelativistic setting and in that form they were previously applied to the black hole information problem. Here, and for the first time, we show in a simple toy model, a treatment of the problem within a fully relativistic setting. We also discuss the issues that the present analysis leaves as open problems to be dealt with in future refinements of the present approach.
The quantum measurement problem requires a dynamical mechanism to explain the transition from a linear superposition of states to a single definite eigenstate. In this monograph, we present a quantitative geometric resolution by explicitly deriving the Penrose Objective Reduction (OR) hypothesis from the fundamental, microscopic dynamics of Topological Quantum Chromodynamics (Topological QCD). Rather than treating OR as a phenomenological postulate, we model the wavefunction Ψ\PsiΨ as a literal topological superposition within the Gravitational Spin Polarization Tensor Πab\Pi_{ab}Πab​. We demonstrate that a superposition of macroscopically distinct mass states injects localized scalar curvature RRR. By proposing that the exact Lichnerowicz identity bounds the spectral gap proportionally to the gravitational self-energy ΔEG\Delta E_GΔEG​, we formulate a compelling candidate mechanism for wavefunction collapse at the time scale τ=ℏ/ΔEG\tau = \hbar / \Delta E_Gτ=ℏ/ΔEG​. Thus, our framework grounds Penrose's model in a fundamental, non-linear spin-network ontology.
This paper proposes a quantum mechanical collapse model driven by spacetime curvature, formulated through a modified Schrödinger equation in Schwarzschild spacetime. The collapse criterion is based on a curvature amplification factor derived from the Klein–Gordon equation. We demonstrate how this theory suppresses Hawking radiation in low-mass black holes and explains the 2–5 solar mass gap seen in LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave detections. The proposed framework offers a speculative but testable path toward unifying aspects of quantum collapse and black hole thermodynamics.
We consider a novel approach to address the black hole information paradox. The idea is based on adapting, to the situation at hand, the modified versions of quantum theory involving spontaneous stochastic dynamical collapse of quantum states, which have been considered in attempts to deal with shortcomings of the standard Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, in particular, the issue known as ``the measurement problem.'' The new basic hypothesis is that the modified quantum behavior is enhanced in the region of high curvature so that the information encoded in the initial quantum state of the matter fields is rapidly erased as the black hole singularity is approached. We show that in this manner the complete evaporation of the black hole via Hawking radiation can be understood as involving no paradox. Calculations are performed using a modified version of quantum theory known as ``continuous spontaneous localization'' (CSL), which was originally developed in the context of many-particle nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. We use a version of CSL tailored to quantum field theory and applied in the context of the two -dimensional Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger model. Although the role of quantum gravity in this picture is restricted to the resolution of the singularity, related studies suggest that there might be further connections.