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arXiv:1602.05353 · Physical Review A

Spectral weight suppression in response functions of ultracold fermion-boson mixtures

Kai Ji, Andreas Komnik

Published Aug 30, 2016• 0 citations
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Abstract

We study the dynamical response of ultracold fermion-boson mixtures in the Bogoliubov regime, where the interactions between fermionic impurities and bosonic excitations (phonons) are described by an effective Fr\"ohlich model under the Bogoliubov approximation. A characteristic suppression of the single-particle spectral weight is found in the small-momentum region where the impurity band and phonon mode intersect. Using a diagrammatic technique we compute the Bragg spectra as well as the momentum-dependent force-force correlation function. We find that both of them are heavily affected by the spectral weight suppression effect at low impurity densities in both one- and two-dimensional systems. We show that the spectral weight suppression feature in Bragg spectra, which was previously found in quantum Monte Carlo simulations and which cannot be recovered by the random phase approximation, can be accurately reproduced with the help of vertex corrections.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.94.023635

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We study the dynamical response of ultracold fermion-boson mixtures in the Bogoliubov regime, where the interactions between fermionic impurities and bosonic excitations (phonons) are described by an effective Fr"ohlich model under the Bogoliubov approximation. A characteristic suppression of the single-particle spectral weight is found in the small-momentum region where the impurity band and phonon mode intersect. Using a diagrammatic technique we compute the Bragg spectra as well as the momentum-dependent force-force correlation function. We find that both of them are heavily affected by the spectral weight suppression effect at low impurity densities in both one- and two-dimensional systems. We show that the spectral weight suppression feature in Bragg spectra, which was previously found in quantum Monte Carlo simulations and which cannot be recovered by the random phase approximation, can be accurately reproduced with the help of vertex corrections.
We study the dynamical response of ultracold fermion-boson mixture in the Bogoliubov regime, where the interactions between fermions and bosonic excitations (phonons) are described by an effective Frohlich model under the Bogoliubov approximation. We show that the pseudogap feature which was previously found in quantum Monte Carlo simulations and which cannot be recovered by simple approximations, can be accurately reproduced with the help of vertex corrections. Using diagrammatic technique we compute Bragg spectra as well as the momentum dependent force-force correlation function. We show that both of them are heavily affected by the pseudogap effect at low impurity densities in both 1D and 2D systems.
We calculate the single-particle spectral functions and quasiparticle dispersions for a Bose-Fermi mixture when the boson-fermion attraction is sufficiently strong to suppress completely the condensation of bosons at zero temperature. Within a T-matrix diagrammatic approach, we vary the boson-fermion attraction from the critical value where the boson condensate first disappears to the strongly attractive (molecular) regime and study the effect of both mass and density imbalance on the spectral weights and dispersions. An interesting spectrum of particle-hole excitations mixing two different Fermi surfaces is found. These unconventional excitations could be produced and explored experimentally with radio-frequency spectroscopy.
We calculate the single-particle spectral function for the one-band Bose-Hubbard model within the random-phase approximation (RPA). In the strongly correlated superfluid, in addition to the gapless phonon excitations, we find extra gapped modes, which become particularly relevant near the superfluid-Mott quantum phase transition (QPT). The strength in one of the gapped modes, a precursor of the Mott phase, grows as the QPT is approached and evolves into a hole (particle) excitation in the Mott insulator depending on whether the chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$ is above (below) the tip of the lobe. The sound velocity ccc of the Goldstone modes remains finite when the transition is approached at constant density; otherwise, it vanishes at the transition. It agrees well with Bogoliubov theory except close to the transition. We also calculate the spatial correlations for bosons in an inhomogeneous trapping potential creating alternating shells of Mott insulator and superfluid. Finally, we discuss the capability of the RPA to correctly account for quantum fluctuations in the vicinity of the QPT.
The excitations of strongly interacting bosons confined in a two-dimensional square lattice are studied. Using a combined Bogoliubov method and the quantum-rotor approach, the Hamiltonian of strongly interacting bosons is mapped onto the U(1)U(1)U(1)-phase action. This allows to calculate the momentum- and energy-resolved one-particle spectral function and its dependence on the presence of the superfluid phase. It is shown that the destruction of the ordered phase leads to the opening of the gap in the excitation spectrum in k=0\mathbf{k}=\mathbf{0}k=0. On the other hand, superfluidity manifests itself as a sharp coherence peak resulting from the emergence of the long-range order. Correlation effects lead to the appearance of a smearing of the band structure of incoherent particles although the remnants of the Bogoliubov excitations are still present in the coherent part of the spectrum.
We present a calculation of the spectral functions and the associated rf response of ultracold fermionic atoms near a Feshbach resonance. The single-particle spectra are peaked at energies that can be modeled by a modified BCS dispersion. However, even at very low temperatures their width is comparable to their energy except for a small region around the dispersion minimum. The structure of the excitation spectrum of the unitary gas at infinite scattering length agrees with recent momentum-resolved rf spectra near the critical temperature. A detailed comparison is made with momentum integrated, locally resolved rf spectra of the unitary gas at arbitrary temperatures and shows very good agreement between theory and experiment. The pair size defined from the width of these spectra is found to coincide with that obtained from the leading gradient corrections to the effective-field theory of the superfluid.
We present an experimental and theoretical study of the phonon mode in a unitary Fermi gas. Using two-photon Bragg spectroscopy, we measure excitation spectra at a momentum of approximately half the Fermi momentum, both above and below the superfluid critical temperature T_{c}. Below T_{c}, the dominant excitation is the Bogoliubov-Anderson (BA) phonon mode, driven by gradients in the phase of the superfluid order parameter. The temperature dependence of the BA phonon is consistent with a theoretical model based on the quasiparticle random phase approximation in which the dominant damping mechanism is via collisions with thermally excited quasiparticles. As the temperature is increased above T_{c}, the phonon evolves into a strongly damped collisional mode, accompanied by an abrupt increase in spectral width. Our study reveals strong similarities between sound propagation in the unitary Fermi gas and bosonic liquid helium.