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arXiv:1602.05006 · Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Addressing single trapped ions for Rydberg quantum logic

P. Bachor, Thomas Feldker, J. Walz, Ferdinand Schmidt‐Kaler

Published Jul 13, 2016• 21 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We demonstrate the excitation of ions to the Rydberg state 22 F by vacuum ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 123 nm combined with the coherent manipulation of the optical qubit transition in 40 Ca + . With a tightly focused beam at 729 nm wavelength we coherently excite a single ion from a linear string into the metastable 3 D 5 / 2 state before a VUV pulse excites it to the Rydberg state. In combination with ion shuttling in the trap, we extend this approach to the addressed excitation of multiple ions. The coherent initialization as well as the addressed Rydberg excitation are key prerequisites for more complex applications of Rydberg ions in quantum simulation or quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/49/15/154004

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Abstract We demonstrate the excitation of ions to the Rydberg state 22 F by vacuum ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 123 nm combined with the coherent manipulation of the optical qubit transition in 40 Ca + . With a tightly focused beam at 729 nm wavelength we coherently excite a single ion from a linear string into the metastable 3 D 5 / 2 state before a VUV pulse excites it to the Rydberg state. In combination with ion shuttling in the trap, we extend this approach to the addressed excitation of multiple ions. The coherent initialization as well as the addressed Rydberg excitation are key prerequisites for more complex applications of Rydberg ions in quantum simulation or quantum information processing.
We demonstrate excitation of a single trapped cold (40)Ca(+) ion to Rydberg levels by laser radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet at a wavelength of 122 nm. Observed resonances are identified as 3d(2)D(3/2) to 51F, 52F and 3d(2)D(5/2) to 64F. We model the line shape and our results imply a large state-dependent coupling to the trapping potential. Rydberg ions are of great interest for future applications in quantum computing and simulation, in which large dipolar interactions are combined with the superb experimental control offered by Paul traps.
Summary form only given. Trapped Rydberg ions are a promising new approach to quantum information processing [1, 2]. This idea combines qubit encoding in the ions' ground states with entanglement operations via the Rydberg interaction. It promises to speed up entanglement operations and make them available in larger ion crystals.In this presentation, we will report on our experimental results with trapped strontium Rydberg ions. In particular, we have recently mapped the population from ground to the 42S1/2Rydberg state and back using stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) [3] - to our knowledge the first observed coherently manipulated Rydberg excitation of an ion. Moreover, we will present our observation of fundamental trap effects due to the interaction of the Rydberg ion with the electric trapping field [4]. A solid understanding of these effects is essential for future applications in quantum information processing.In the near future, we plan to excite the ions to even higher Rydberg states and to apply microwave radiation to induce large oscillating dipole moments. In this way, ions should be able to interact at a distance as required for quantum gates via the Rydberg interaction.
Trapped Rydberg ions are a promising novel approach to quantum computing and simulations. They are envisaged to combine the exquisite control of trapped ion qubits with the fast two-qubit Rydberg gates already demonstrated in neutral atom experiments. Coherent Rydberg excitation is a key requirement for these gates. Here, we carry out the first coherent Rydberg excitation of an ion and perform a single-qubit Rydberg gate, thus demonstrating basic elements of a trapped Rydberg ion quantum computer.
Single ions in Paul traps are investigated for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S1/2 and the D5/2 states are used to implement a qubit. The ions are optically cooled and fluorescence light at 397 nm on the S1/2-P1/2 transition is monitored for a state measurement by the “electron shelving” technique. The S1/2-D5/2 quadrupole transition at 729 nm is excited for sideband cooling and for quantum state preparation and manipulation. Individual ions in a linear string are addressed by a tightly focused 729 nm laser beam. A single Ca+ ion has been cooled in the spherical Paul trap to the ground state of vibration with up to 99.9% probability. Cooling is achieved in all three dimensions simultaneously as well as ground state cooling of two ions. Starting from a Fock state |n=0> coherent quantum state manipulation on the S1/2-D5/2 transition is achieved. The data show that decoherence is negligible on the time scale of a few oscillations, i.e. during the time required for a quantum gate operation. The measured several decoherence time of a few ms is attributed to residual laser and magnetic field fluctuations. Heating of the motional degrees of freedom has been measured directly and appears at a rate of 1 phonon per 190 ms (70 ms) at the secular frequencies ωaxial (ωradial). A novel type of ground state laser cooling of a single trapped ion is achieved using a technique which tailors the absorption profile for the cooling laser by exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency in the Zeeman structure of the S1/2–P1/2 dipole transition. This new method is robust, easy to implement and proves particularly useful for cooling several motional degrees of freedom simultaneously, which is of great practical importance for the implementation of quantum logic schemes with trapped ions.
Trapped Rydberg ions are a novel approach to quantum information processing [1], [2]. Qubit rotations in the ion's lower lying electronic states are combined with entanglement operations that take advantage of strong Rydberg interactions [3]. In our experimental setup we excite trapped strontium ions from the metastable 4D state to the Rydberg manifold using a two photon excitation process. Certain properties of the ion become more prominent for highly excited states. One example is the polarizabilty which reacts to the surrounding electric field of the trapping electrodes. While effects due to the polarizability are negligible for lower lying states, they become more prominent for highly-excited states. This change leads to an altered trapping potential for the high lying Rydberg states, as shown in Fig. 1 [4]. For previous experiments those shifts have always been compensated for to perform, for example, sub-microsecond entangling gates between trapped ions [5]. However, this trapping field displacement can also be used to coherently control the ions' motion.