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arXiv:1601.06796 · npj Quantum Information

Experimental extractable work-based multipartite separability criteria

Mario Arnolfo Ciampini, Luca Mancino, Adeline Orieux, Caterina Vigliar, Paolo Mataloni, Mauro Paternostro, Marco Barbieri

Published Mar 7, 2017• 49 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract A thermodynamic theory of quantum entanglement as well as the establishment of rigorous formal connections between the laws of thermodynamics and the phenomenology of entanglement are currently open areas of investigation. In this quest, a core problem is embodied by the understanding of the role that entanglement plays in processes of work extraction. Here, by considering information thermodynamics-based protocols, we answer the question “Is it possible to infer, quantitatively, quantum correlations by considering work-extraction schemes?”. Our experimental settings consist of suitably designed multi-photon optical interferometers able to address the case of both bipartite and multipartite entangled states. We compare the performance of such criteria to that of witnesses of entanglement based on the violation of Bell-like tests, showing their inherently different nature. Our work contributes strongly to the ongoing efforts in establishing photonic systems as a platform for experiments in information thermodynamics.

DOI
10.1038/s41534-017-0011-9

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It has recently been shown that the work extractable from correlated bipartite quantum systems under an appropriate protocol can be used to distinguish entanglement from classical correlation. A natural question is now whether it can be generalized to multipartite systems. In this paper, we devise a protocol to distinguish the GHZ, the W, and separable states in terms of the thermodynamically extractable work under local operations and classical communication, and compare the results with those obtained from Mermin's inequalities.
The research field of quantum entanglement theory is comparatively new. While a basic understanding of the most simple systems in question (i.e. bipartite systems) has been established over the past few decades, multipartite entanglement still holds many unsolved questions and intriguing riddles. In particular, it is completely unclear how several concepts from the bipartite case can be generalised in a meaningful way to multipartite scenarios. In this work, the main issues of multipartite entanglement detection, characterisation and classification are discussed. The differences and similarities between the bipartite and the multipartite situation are reviewed, various possible generalisations are presented and results are obtained in several areas. The focus of this work particularly lies on a formalism - the so called HMGH framework, which has been developed and expanded for the past several years - which allows for construction of very specific separability criteria, capable of discriminating between different kinds of multipartite entanglement. By means of these criteria, the questions of partial separability, genuine multipartite entanglement and - ultimately - multipartite entanglement classification (which appear to contain the most striking differences to bipartite entanglement) are adressed and discussed. In order to illustrate the theoretical conclusions in these respects, several examples are given from different (and differently closely related) fields, showing the capabilities, strengths and weaknesses of the HMGH framework as well as giving insights into the current status of research in multipartite entanglement theory as a whole.
Special types of measurements are widely used in quantum information processing. The task to detect entangled states can arise within an intermediate stage of the protocol to be performed. It is inevitable in many questions, and it is desirable to study separability criteria derived with different choices of selected states. This study aims to examine such criteria for quantum measurements assigned to projective two-designs. The considered approaches use the so-called correlation measure and the corresponding correlation matrix. Separability criteria for multipartite systems are also derived.
Abstract We investigate how the presence of quantum correlations can influence work extraction in closed quantum systems, establishing a new link between the field of quantum non-equilibrium thermodynamics and the one of quantum information theory. We consider a bipartite quantum system and we show that it is possible to optimize the process of work extraction, thanks to the correlations between the two parts of the system, by using an appropriate feedback protocol based on the concept of ergotropy. We prove that the maximum gain in the extracted work is related to the existence of quantum correlations between the two parts, quantified by either quantum discord or, for pure states, entanglement. We then illustrate our general findings on a simple physical situation consisting of a qubit system.
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Work and quantum correlations are two fundamental resources in thermodynamics and quantum information theory.In this work, we study how to use correlations among quantum systems to optimally store work.We analyze this question for isolated quantum ensembles, where the work can be naturally divided into two contributions: a local contribution from each system and a global contribution originating from correlations among systems.We focus on the latter and consider quantum systems that are locally thermal, thus from which any extractable work can only come from correlations.We compute the maximum extractable work for general entangled states, separable states, and states with fixed entropy.Our results show that while entanglement gives an advantage for small quantum ensembles, this gain vanishes for a large number of systems.