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arXiv:1601.05949 · Physical Review A

Heat transfer through dipolar coupling: Sympathetic cooling without contact

B. Renklioglu, B. Tanatar, Mehmet Özgür Oktel

Published Feb 12, 2016• 5 citations
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Abstract

We consider two parallel layers of dipolar ultracold Fermi gases at different temperatures and calculate the heat transfer between them. The effective interactions describing screening and correlation effects between the dipoles in a single layer are modeled within the Euler-Lagrange Fermi-hypernetted-chain approximation. The random-phase approximation is used for the interactions across the layers. We investigate the amount of transferred power between the layers as a function of the temperature difference. Energy transfer arises due to the long-range dipole-dipole interactions. A simple thermal model is established to investigate the feasibility of using the contactless sympathetic cooling of the ultracold polar atoms and molecules. Our calculations indicate that dipolar heat transfer is effective for typical polar molecule experiments and may be utilized as a cooling process.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.93.023620

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We consider two parallel layers of dipolar ultracold Fermi gases at different temperatures and calculate the heat transfer between them. The effective interactions describing screening and correlation effects between the dipoles in a single layer are modeled within the Euler-Lagrange Fermi-hypernetted-chain approximation. The random-phase approximation is used for the interactions across the layers. We investigate the amount of transferred power between the layers as a function of the temperature difference. Energy transfer arises due to the long-range dipole-dipole interactions. A simple thermal model is established to investigate the feasibility of using the contactless sympathetic cooling of the ultracold polar atoms and molecules. Our calculations indicate that dipolar heat transfer is effective for typical polar molecule experiments and may be utilized as a cooling process.
We consider a bilayer system of two-dimensional spin-polarized dipolar Fermi gas without any tunneling between the layers. We calculate the energy transfer rate between the layers in the non-linear regime where the layers have a relative velocity, as a function of temperature and drift velocities of the particles of the system in each layer. The effective interactions describing the correlation effects and screening between the dipoles are obtained by the Hubbard approximation in a single layer (intra-layer), and the random-phase approximation (RPA) across the layers (inter-layer). The energy transfer arises from the long-range nature of dipolar interactions between the particles of the system. As a result of the increasing drift velocities, the non-linear heat transfer between the layers remarkably increases and the system reaches its equilibrium at lower temperatures. Our calculations show that cooling with dipolar interactions without any material contact can be utilized to cool the ultracold dipolar systems.
We consider two parallel layers of two-dimensional spin-polarized dipolar Fermi gas without any tunneling between the layers. The effective interactions describing screening and correlation effects between the dipoles in a single layer (intra-layer) and across the layers (interlayer) are modeled within the Hubbard approximation. We calculate the rate of momentum transfer between the layers when the gas in one layer has a steady flow. The momentum transfer induces a steady flow in the second layer which is assumed initially at rest. This is the drag effect familiar from double-layer semiconductor and graphene structures. Our calculations show that the momentum relaxation time has temperature dependence similar to that in layers with charged particles which we think is related to the contributions from the collective modes of the system.
Abstract Advances in semiconductor nanostructures have enabled the creation of ultra-cold dipolar fermions, offering a new frontier for exploring many-body fermionic physics. By manipulating electric dipole interactions in these systems, we demonstrate the possibility of cooling and condensing particles. The anisotropic nature of dipole interactions leads to an anisotropic Fermi liquid state, distinct from the isotropic standard, and supports unconventional Cooper pair symmetries involving both singlet and triplet states. Long-range dipolar interactions foster strong correlations within the system. Employing methods such as Gaussian expansion and random-phase-approximation, we analyze how anisotropy influences the spectrum, collective excitations, and correlation functions. In particular, we derive the screened interaction and the polarization function, and we investigate the pairing instability via the Bethe–Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation. The critical temperature for superfluidity is obtained as function of the effective coupling strength. We discuss the the conditions for attractive pairing, the expected order parameter symmetry, and the role of confinement dimensionality. Our results provide a theoretical framework for understanding dipolar Fermi gases in nanostructures and highlight the possibility of realizing unconventional superfluid phases.
We model sympathetic cooling of ground-state CaF molecules by ultracold Li and Rb atoms. The molecules are moving in a microwave trap, while the atoms are trapped magnetically. We calculate the differential elastic cross sections for CaF-Li and CaF-Rb collisions, using model Lennard-Jones potentials adjusted to give typical values for the sss-wave scattering length. Together with trajectory calculations, these differential cross sections are used to simulate the cooling of the molecules, the heating of the atoms, and the loss of atoms from the trap. We show that a hard-sphere collision model based on an energy-dependent momentum transport cross section accurately predicts the molecule cooling rate but underestimates the rates of atom heating and loss. Our simulations suggest that Rb is a more effective coolant than Li for ground-state molecules, and that the cooling dynamics is less sensitive to the exact value of the sss-wave scattering length when Rb is used. Using realistic experimental parameters, we find that molecules can be sympathetically cooled to $100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in about 10 s. By applying evaporative cooling to the atoms, the cooling rate can be increased and the final temperature of the molecules can be reduced to $1 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ within 30 s.
Collisions at ultracold temperatures between ${}^{1}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\Sigma}$-state diatomic polar molecules in a circularly polarized microwave field are theoretically analyzed. We demonstrate that elastic and inelastic collisions of polar molecules at ultracold temperatures are affected by an external microwave field and that they are enhanced at resonance frequencies. We show that the collision dynamics of polar molecules in a microwave field is largely determined by the long-range dipole-dipole interaction. Through this interaction, two polar molecules can resonantly exchange internal energy by undergoing a transition between neighboring rotational levels. This process may stabilize the system and enable the successive evaporative cooling of molecules. This paper discusses fermionic polar molecules at ultralow temperatures (1 $\ensuremath{\mu}$K).
Bose-Einstein condensation of dipolar molecules can be achieved by shielding loss channels with microwave fields. The microwave coupling can be approximated by effective dipole-dipole interactions with a short-range repulsion. We study properties and stability of these molecular Bose gases with a many-body variational method, the hypernetted-chain Euler-Lagrange method for a wide range of densities and repulsion strengths of the microwave shield. We find a homogeneous gas-like phase which, however, is unstable at low density against density waves: at a critical density, which depends on the repulsion strength, the dipolar fluid undergoes a phase transition to a layer phase. Thus, if the molecular condensate is expanded adiabatically by decreasing the confinement strength, it will spontaneously form layers at the critical density. These quasi-two-dimensional layers can be self-bound, hence form two-dimensional liquids. By varying the microwave shield, the predicted equilibrium densities span more than an order of magnitude.