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arXiv:1512.06571 · Physical review. E

Efficient numerical methods for the random-field Ising model: Finite-size scaling, reweighting extrapolation, and computation of response functions

Nikolaos G. Fytas, Víctor Martín-Mayor

Published Jun 17, 2016• 36 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

It was recently shown [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 227201 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.227201] that the critical behavior of the random-field Ising model in three dimensions is ruled by a single universality class. This conclusion was reached only after a proper taming of the large scaling corrections of the model by applying a combined approach of various techniques, coming from the zero- and positive-temperature toolboxes of statistical physics. In the present contribution we provide a detailed description of this combined scheme, explaining in detail the zero-temperature numerical scheme and developing the generalized fluctuation-dissipation formula that allowed us to compute connected and disconnected correlation functions of the model. We discuss the error evolution of our method and we illustrate the infinite limit-size extrapolation of several observables within phenomenological renormalization. We present an extension of the quotients method that allows us to obtain estimates of the critical exponent α of the specific heat of the model via the scaling of the bond energy and we discuss the self-averaging properties of the system and the algorithmic aspects of the maximum-flow algorithm used.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.93.063308

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It was recently shown [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 227201 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.227201] that the critical behavior of the random-field Ising model in three dimensions is ruled by a single universality class. This conclusion was reached only after a proper taming of the large scaling corrections of the model by applying a combined approach of various techniques, coming from the zero- and positive-temperature toolboxes of statistical physics. In the present contribution we provide a detailed description of this combined scheme, explaining in detail the zero-temperature numerical scheme and developing the generalized fluctuation-dissipation formula that allowed us to compute connected and disconnected correlation functions of the model. We discuss the error evolution of our method and we illustrate the infinite limit-size extrapolation of several observables within phenomenological renormalization. We present an extension of the quotients method that allows us to obtain estimates of the critical exponent α of the specific heat of the model via the scaling of the bond energy and we discuss the self-averaging properties of the system and the algorithmic aspects of the maximum-flow algorithm used.
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We investigate the critical properties of the d=3d=3d=3 random-field Ising model with a Gaussian field distribution at zero temperature. By implementing suitable graph-theoretical algorithms, we perform a large-scale numerical simulation of the model for a vast range of values of the disorder strength hhh and system sizes $\mathcal{V}=L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L$, with $L\ensuremath{\le}156$. Using the sample-to-sample fluctuations of various quantities and proper finite-size scaling techniques we estimate with high accuracy the critical disorder strength hc{h}_{\mathrm{c}}hc​ and the correlation length exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$. Additional simulations in the area of the estimated critical-field strength and relevant scaling analysis of the bond energy suggest bounds for the specific heat critical exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and the violation of the hyperscaling exponent $\ensuremath{\theta}$. Finally, a data collapse analysis of the order parameter and disconnected susceptibility provides accurate estimates for the critical exponent ratios $\ensuremath{\beta}/\ensuremath{\nu}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\gamma}}/\ensuremath{\nu}$, respectively.
In this paper the three-dimensional random-field Ising model is studied at both zero temperature and positive temperature. Critical exponents are extracted at zero temperature by finite size scaling analysis of large discontinuities in the bond energy. The heat capacity exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is found to be near zero. The ground states are determined for a range of external field and disorder strength near the zero temperature critical point and the scaling of ground state tilings of the field-disorder plane is discussed. At positive temperature the specific heat and the susceptibility are obtained using the Wang-Landau algorithm. It is found that sharp peaks are present in these physical quantities for some realizations of systems sized 163{16}^{3}163 and larger. These sharp peaks result from flipping large domains and correspond to large discontinuities in ground state bond energies. Finally, zero temperature and positive temperature spin configurations near the critical line are found to be highly correlated suggesting a strong version of the zero temperature fixed point hypothesis.
We describe how to evaluate approximately various physical interesting quantities in random Ising systems by direct renormalization of a finite system. The renormalization procedure is used to reduce the number of degrees of freedom to a number that is small enough, enabling direct summing over the surviving spins. This procedure can be used to obtain averages of functions of the surviving spins. We show how to evaluate averages that involve spins that do not survive the renormalization procedure. We show, for the random field Ising model, how to obtain $\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r})}=\overline{〈\ensuremath{\sigma}(0)\ensuremath{\sigma}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r})〉\ensuremath{-}〈\ensuremath{\sigma}(0)〉〈\ensuremath{\sigma}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r})〉},$ the ``connected'' correlation function, and $\overline{S(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r})}=\overline{〈\ensuremath{\sigma}(0)\ensuremath{\sigma}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{r})〉},$ the ``disconnected'' correlation function. Consequently, we show how to obtain the average susceptibility and the average energy. For an Ising system with random bonds and random fields, we show how to obtain the average specific heat. We conclude by presenting our numerical results for the average susceptibility and the function $\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}(r)}$ along one of the principal axes. (In this work, the full three-dimensional (3D) correlation is calculated and not just parameters such $\ensuremath{\nu}$ or $\ensuremath{\eta}).$ The results for the average susceptibility are used to extract the critical temperature and critical exponents of the 3D random field Ising system.
Abstract We report a high-precision numerical estimation of the critical exponent α of the specific heat of the random-field Ising model in four dimensions. Our result α = 0.12 ( 1 ) indicates a diverging specific-heat behavior and is consistent with the estimation coming from the modified hyperscaling relation using our estimate of θ via the anomalous dimensions η and η ¯ . Our analysis benefited from a high-statistics zero-temperature numerical simulation of the model for two distributions of the random fields, namely a Gaussian and Poissonian distribution, as well as recent advances in finite-size scaling and reweighting methods for disordered systems. An original estimate of the critical slowing down exponent z of the maximum-flow algorithm used is also provided.
Finite-size scaling above the upper critical dimension is a long-standing puzzle in the field of statistical physics. Even for pure systems various scaling theories have been suggested, partially corroborated by numerical simulations. In the present manuscript we address this problem in the even more complicated case of disordered systems. In particular, we investigate the scaling behavior of the random-field Ising model at dimension D=7, i.e., above its upper critical dimension D_{u}=6, by employing extensive ground-state numerical simulations. Our results confirm the hypothesis that at dimensions D>D_{u}, linear length scale L should be replaced in finite-size scaling expressions by the effective scale L_{eff}=L^{D/D_{u}}. Via a fitted version of the quotients method that takes this modification, but also subleading scaling corrections into account, we compute the critical point of the transition for Gaussian random fields and provide estimates for the full set of critical exponents. Thus, our analysis indicates that this modified version of finite-size scaling is successful also in the context of the random-field problem.