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arXiv:1512.06114 · International Journal of Modern Physics E

Three-body systems in physics of cold atoms and halo nuclei

Chen Ji

Published Apr 26, 2016• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Few-body systems, such as cold atoms and halo nuclei, share universal features at low energies, which are insensitive to the underlying inter-particle interactions at short ranges. These low-energy properties can be investigated in the framework of effective field theory with two-body and three-body contact interactions. I review the effective-field-theory studies of universal physics in three-body systems, focusing on the application in cold atoms and halo nuclei.

DOI
10.1142/s0218301316410032

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Few-body systems, such as cold atoms and halo nuclei, share universal features at low energies, which are insensitive to the underlying inter-particle interactions at short ranges. These low-energy properties can be investigated in the framework of effective field theory with two-body and three-body contact interactions. I review the effective-field-theory studies of universal physics in three-body systems, focusing on the application in cold atoms and halo nuclei.
Systems, such as cold atoms and light halo nuclei, share universal features at low energies, for which details of inter-particle interactions are not essential.We study threebody physics in such systems in an effective-field-theory (EFT) framework.We will discuss universal behavior in three-body systems and higher-order effectiverange corrections beyond universality.We study effective-range effects perturbatively up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (N 2 LO) for the case of three identical bosons.We apply this analysis to recombination features in cold atomic gases and properties of Helium trimers.Effective range corrections also play an important role in the EFT study of fewnucleon systems and halo nuclei.The ground-state of Helium-6 can be treated as a two-neutron halo with an alpha core.This bound state is generated by the resonant neutron-neutron and neutron-alpha interactions.The latter is dominated by a shallow p-wave resonance.We present a calculation of Helium-6 in an EFT approach appropriate for halo systems.
Effective Field Theory (EFT) provides a powerful framework that exploits a separation of scales in physical systems to perform systematically improvable, model-independent calculations. Particularly interesting are few-body systems with short-range interactions and large two-body scattering length. Such systems display remarkable universal features. In systems with more than two particles, a three-body force with limit cycle behavior is required for consistent renormalization already at leading order. We will review this EFT and some of its applications in the physics of cold atoms and nuclear physics. In particular, we will discuss the possibility of an infrared limit cycle in QCD. Recent extensions of the EFT approach to the four-body system and N-boson droplets in two spatial dimensions will also be addressed.
Effective Field Theory (EFT) provides a powerful framework that exploits a separation of scales in physical systems to perform systematically improvable, model‐independent calculations. Particularly interesting are few‐body systems with short‐range interactions and large two‐body scattering length. Such systems display remarkable universal features. In systems with more than two particles, a three‐body force with limit cycle behavior is required for consistent renormalization already at leading order. We will review this EFT and some of its applications in the physics of cold atoms. Recent extensions of this approach to the four‐body system and N‐boson droplets in two spatial dimensions will also be discussed.
Effective Field Theory (EFT) provides a powerful framework that exploits a separation of scales in physical systems to perform systematically improvable, model‐independent calculations. Particularly interesting are few‐body systems with short‐range interactions and large two‐body scattering length. Such systems display remarkable universal features. In systems with more than two particles, a three‐body force with limit cycle behavior is required for consistent renormalization already at leading order. We will review this EFT and some of its applications in the physics of cold atoms and nuclear physics. In particular, we will discuss the possibility of an infrared limit cycle in QCD. Recent extensions of the EFT approach to the four‐body system and N‐boson droplets in two spatial dimensions will also be addressed.
In recent years extensive theoretical and experimental studies of universal few-body physics have advanced our understanding of universal Efimov physics. Whereas theory had been the driving force behind our understanding of Efimov physics for decades, recent experiments have contributed an unexpected discovery. Specifically, measurements have found that the so-called three-body parameter determining several properties of the system is universal, even though fundamental assumptions in the theory of the Efimov effect suggest that it should be a variable property that depends on the precise details of the short-range two- and three-body interactions. The present Letter resolves this apparent contradiction by elucidating previously unanticipated implications of the two-body interactions. Our study shows that the three-body parameter universality emerges because a universal effective barrier in the three-body potentials prevents the three particles from simultaneously getting close together. Our results also show limitations on this universality, as it is more likely to occur for neutral atoms but less likely to extend to light nuclei.
Effective Field Theory (EFT) provides a powerful framework to exploit a separation of scales in order to perform systematically improvable, model-independent calculations. We apply this method to strongly interacting quantum systems with short-range interactions and large scattering length. Such systems display remarkable universal properties which include a geometric spectrum of shallow three-body called Efimov states and log-periodic dependence of scattering observables on the scattering length. We review the EFT for large scattering length and some of its applications in the physics of cold atoms and nuclear physics. In particular, we discuss the possibility of an infrared limit cycle in QCD and the extension of the EFT to halo nuclei.