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arXiv:1512.03645

Possible new electric effect in superfluid systems

S. I. Shevchenko, Aleksandr Konstantinov

Published Dec 11, 2015• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We predict that propagation of third sound in a superfluid film creates an electric field in the surrounding area that can be observable with modern measurement devices when there are many vortex pairs in the system (e. g. in the vicinity of the superfluid transition temperature).
DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1512.03645

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This thesis describes work done in two separate areas of the field of superconductivity. The first part describes experiments performed to measure a predicted, but previously unmeasured non-equilibrium effect in superconducting aluminum. A charge imbalance, or charging of the normal fluid with respect to the superfluid, is generated by the interaction of an electric field and a supercurrent. We have shown that this effect does occur, however the measured temperature dependence of this effect does not agree with existing theory. In the second part of this thesis we report on efforts to make simple superconductor devices from the high-T$\sb{\rm c}$ ceramic oxide superconductors. We have made thin films of both $\rm YBa\sb2 Cu\sb3 O\sb{7-x}$ and BiSrCaCuO by several methods, and measurements of bulk film properties are presented. These films have been patterned into different structures in a number of ways, including an in-situ ion milling modification technique. Data on these devices, and grain-boundary SQUIDS are presented.
At low temperature T we expect vacuum tunneling processes to occur in superfluid 4 He films. We distinguish between extrinsic processes, in which single vortices nucleate by tunneling off boundaries in the system, and intrinsic processes, in which vortex/anti-vortex pairs nucleate far from boundaries. It is crucial to incorporate the varying effective mass of the vortex in tunneling calculations. The intrinsic processes are the superfluid analogue of the Schwinger mechanism in quantum field theory; here they appear as a quantum phase transition at T = 0, driven by an external supercurrent. We calculate the tunneling rate for these processes, and describe a means of testing the predictions using a specific “vortex counting” experiment.