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arXiv:1511.08720 · International Journal of Modern Physics B

New mathematics for the nonadditive Tsallis’ scenario

G.L. Ferri, F. Pennini, Angelo Plastino, Mario Carlos Rocca

Published Apr 4, 2017• 1 citation
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Abstract

In this paper, we investigate quantum uncertainties in a Tsallis’ nonadditive scenario. To such an end we appeal to [Formula: see text]-exponentials (qEs), that are the cornerstone of Tsallis’ theory. In this respect, it is found that some new mathematics is needed and we are led to construct a set of novel special states that are the qE equivalents of the ordinary coherent states (CS) of the harmonic oscillator (HO). We then characterize these new Tsallis’ special states by obtaining the associated (i) probability distributions (PDs) for a state of momentum [Formula: see text], (ii) mean values for some functions of space an momenta and (iii) concomitant quantum uncertainties. The latter are then compared to the usual ones.

DOI
10.1142/s021797921750151x

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In this paper, we investigate quantum uncertainties in a Tsallis’ nonadditive scenario. To such an end we appeal to [Formula: see text]-exponentials (qEs), that are the cornerstone of Tsallis’ theory. In this respect, it is found that some new mathematics is needed and we are led to construct a set of novel special states that are the qE equivalents of the ordinary coherent states (CS) of the harmonic oscillator (HO). We then characterize these new Tsallis’ special states by obtaining the associated (i) probability distributions (PDs) for a state of momentum [Formula: see text], (ii) mean values for some functions of space an momenta and (iii) concomitant quantum uncertainties. The latter are then compared to the usual ones.
This is a pedagogical paper where we present a physically motivated approach to introduce the coherent states of a harmonic oscillator from which it is simple to rigorously derive their mathematical definition. We do this in two different ways that turn out to be equivalent but emphasize two related but different aspects of classicality. First, we analyze which are the quantum states that are the closest one can get to a point in phase space and demonstrate the validity of the following theorem: (i) The product of the uncertainty in position and that of momentum saturates the bound imposed by Heisenberg uncertainty relations for all times if and only if the state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator. Second, we analyze the way in which the difference between the expectation value of the energy and the energy associated with the expectation values of position and momentum depends on the state, and show the validity of the following theorem (ii) the difference between the expectation value of the energy and the energy associated with the expectation values is minimal if and only if the state is an eigenstate of the annihilation operator. We also show that the reason why coherent states are chosen as the most classical ones by the decoherence process induced by coupling the particle to an environment in the standard Quantum Brownian motion model, is precisely due to the validity of the two above theorems.
The Hamiltonian for the oscillator has earlier been written in the form where ν† and ν are raising and lowering operators for ν†ν, which has eigenvalues k (the ’’radial’’ quantum number), and λ† and λ are raising and lowering 3-vector operators for λ†⋅λ, which has eigenvalues l (the total angular momentum quantum number). A new set of coherent states for the oscillator is now defined by diagonalizing ν and λ. These states bear a similar relation to the commuting operators H, L2, and L3 (where L is the angular momentum of the system) as the usual coherent states do to the commuting number operators N1, N2, and N3. It is proposed to call them coherent angular momentum states. They are shown to be minimum-uncertainty states for the variables ν, ν† , λ, and λ†, and to provide a new quasiclassical description of the oscillator. This description coincides with that provided by the usual coherent states only in the special case that the corresponding classical motion is circular, rather than elliptical; and, in general, the uncertainty in the angular momentum of the system is smaller in the new description. The probabilities of obtaining particular values for k and l in one of the new states follow independent Poisson distributions. The new states are overcomplete, and lead to a new representation of the Hilbert space for the oscillator, in terms of analytic functions on C×K3, where K3 is the three-dimensional complex cone. This space is related to one introduced recently by Bargmann and Todorov, and carries a very simple realization of all the representations of the rotation group.
We discuss the quantum theory of an harmonic oscillator with time-dependent mass and frequency submitted to action of a complex time-dependent linear potential with [Formula: see text] symmetry. Combining the Lewis and Riesenfeld approach to time-dependent non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having [Formula: see text] symmetry and linear invariants, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for this problem and use the corresponding quantum states to construct a Gaussian wave packet solution. We show that the shape of this wave packet does not depend on the driving force. Afterwards, using this wave packet state, we calculate the expectation values of the position and momentum, their fluctuations and the associated uncertainty product. We find that these expectation values are complex numbers and as a consequence the position and momentum operators are not physical observables and the uncertainty product is physically unacceptable.
In this paper, the general framework to construct generalized coherent states for the generalized Heisenberg algebra, using a [Formula: see text]-analog of exponential function and [Formula: see text]-integers, is discussed. Based on these notions, generalized Bell polynomials and Bell numbers, and so their exponential generating functions as well as a [Formula: see text]-analog of the latter and generalized Dobiński formulas are obtained. Then, the normal ordered form of exponential function of generalized number operator and its [Formula: see text]-analog exponential are investigated for general characteristic functions. In particular, the Arik–Coon [Formula: see text]-deformed quantum harmonic oscillator and the undeformed quantum physical system of infinite square well potential cases are well studied.