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arXiv:1510.07327

Exact general solution to the three-dimensional Ising model and a self-consistency equation for the nearest-neighbors' correlations

Vitaly V. Kocharovsky, Kocharovsky, Vladimir V.

Published Oct 26, 2015• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We find an exact general solution to the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model via an exact self-consistency equation for nearest-neighbors' correlations. It is derived by means of an exact solution to the recurrence equations for partial contractions of creation and annihilation operators for constrained spin bosons in a Holstein-Primakoff representation. In particular, we calculate analytically the total irreducible self-energy, the order parameter, the correlation functions, and the joined occupation probabilities of spin bosons. The developed regular microscopic quantum-field-theory method has a potential for a full solution of a long-standing and still open problem of 3D critical phenomena.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1510.07327

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We find an exact general solution to the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model via an exact self-consistency equation for nearest-neighbors' correlations. It is derived by means of an exact solution to the recurrence equations for partial contractions of creation and annihilation operators for constrained spin bosons in a Holstein-Primakoff representation. In particular, we calculate analytically the total irreducible self-energy, the order parameter, the correlation functions, and the joined occupation probabilities of spin bosons. The developed regular microscopic quantum-field-theory method has a potential for a full solution of a long-standing and still open problem of 3D critical phenomena.
The problem of finding a microscopic theory of phase transitions across a critical point is a central unsolved problem in theoretical physics. We find a general solution to that problem and present it here for the cases of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in an interacting gas and ferromagnetism in a lattice of spins, interacting via a Heisenberg or Ising Hamiltonian. For BEC, we present the exact, valid for the entire critical region, equations for the Green's functions and order parameter, that is a critical-region extension of the Beliaev–Popov and Gross–Pitaevskii equations. For the magnetic phase transition, we find an exact theory in terms of constrained bosons in a lattice and obtain similar equations for the Green's functions and order parameter. In particular, we outline an exact solution for the three-dimensional Ising model.
A high temperature expansion is employed to map some complex anisotropic nonhermitian three and four dimensional Ising models with algebraic long range interactions into a solvable two dimensional variant. We also address the dimensional reductions for anisotropic two dimensional XY and other models. For the latter and related systems it is possible to have an effective reduction in the dimension without the need of compactifying some dimensions. Some solutions are presented. This framework further allows for some very simple general observations. It will be seen that the absence of a ``phase interference'' effect plays an important role in high dimensional problems. A very forbidding purely algebraic recursive series solution to the three dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model will be given. In the aftermath, the full-blown three dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model is exactly mapped onto a single spin 1/2 particle with nontrivial dynamics. All this allows for a formal high dimensional Bosonization.
The exact analytical solution of the three-dimensional (3D) Ising model remains a central unresolved problem in statistical mechanics. While exact solutions exist in one and two dimensions, the three-dimensional case has resisted closed-form treatment. While standard Kramers-Wannier duality fails to yield a self-dual spin model in 3D, instead mapping to a gauge theory, we introduce a quasi-duality transformation by perturbing the isotropic cubic lattice with a slight, localized spatial inhomogeneity. Specifically, this is introduced via the boundary correction term A n ( ? )= δ η,nN ( s η ? s η?N+1 ? ? s η ? s η+1 ? ) , which arises from flattening the 2D planes into 1D row-continuous chains. By enforcing a condition where the introduced inhomogeneity algebraically absorbs the leading-order topological mismatch of the dual gauge fields, we recover an effective self-dual relation. This algebraic solution yields a critical coupling of K c = 1 4 ln( 1+ 2 )≈0.22033 , which remarkably deviates by only ~0.6% from the widely accepted homogeneous Monte Carlo estimation of K c ( MC ) ?0.22165 . We discuss the derivation and outline future applications of this method to study phase transitions in complex, structurally disordered systems. The method provides insight into how weak inhomogeneity restores a form of dual symmetry that approximates the true critical manifold. Implications for critical phenomena, renormalization structure, and complex biological systems operating near criticality are discussed.
A high temperature expansion is employed to map some complex anisotropic nonhermitian three dimensional Ising models with algebraic long range interactions into a solvable two dimensional variant. Some solutions are presented. This framework further allows for some very simple general observations. It will be seen that the absence of a “phase interference ” effect plays an important role in high dimensional problems. A very forbidding purely algebraic recursive series solution to the three dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model will be given. In the aftermath, the full-blown three dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model is exactly mapped onto a single spin 1/2 particle with nontrivial dynamics. I.
We use a recently developed quantum simulation approach to study the properties of a three-dimensional Ising model consisting of S = 1/2 quantum spins localized at the sites of a simple cubic lattice. We assume nearest-neighbor interaction between spins with an exchange interaction that can be either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic. It is found that the computational method quickly converges towards the expected equilibrium spin configurations. The resulting spontaneous magnetization curves corresponding to the two types of magnetic interactions under consideration were found to be almost identical to the ones obtained via quantum mean field theory at all temperatures. The derived total energies, total free energies, magnetic entropies and specific heats per mole of spins show no sizeable differences from known theoretical values. Furthermore, the results of the simulations for two different 3D Ising systems containing 4×4×4 and 20×20×20 spins localized at the sites of a simple cubic lattice were found to be almost identical to each other. This finding suggests that the self-consistent algorithm approach of the current simulation method allows one to obtain the physical bulk properties of a large magnetic system by relying on simulations of a much smaller spin system sample. Therefore, the method presently considered appears to be not only very accurate as gauged by comparison to mean field theory, but also able to greatly increase the speed of simulations.
By explicit construction we show the existence of an exact renormalization group for triangular Ising models with only nearest-neighbor interactions. The recursion relations take the form of a set of three quasilinear first-order partial differential equations for the interactions. We determine a nontrivial fixed point and study the linearized flow around it. This yields the specific-heat exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}=0$, in agreement with the Onsager and Houtappel solutions, and demonstrates universality. The free energy is expressed as the trajectory integral of an explicitly given function of the interactions.