Laser-based addressing units are core components for trapped-ion quantum computers, in which ions are held in defined, separate, micron-scale position fields and are brought into different qubit states via an addressing beam with an ion-specific wavelength. The spin of the valence electrons of the atomic ions represents the qubits states. An addressing action causes a stimulated Raman transition, which in turn causes a change in electron spin and thus a qubit rotation. Our unit is designed for 10 40Ca+ ions kept in a linear microchip ion trap. The hardware platform utilizes waveguides with integrated collimating micro lenses, followed by a cascaded 4f optical setup, consisting of a focusing and a beam expander unit. An aspherical lens realizes a lateral shift tolerant focus inside the trap. The addressing unit achieves minimal foci beam waists of 1.1 μm, with a minimal ion separation of 5.31 μm. The operating addressing wavelength ranges from 395 nm to 405 nm. Fault relevant ion crosstalk ratio is less than 10−4. Addressing operations can be conducted in parallel on all captured ions. The specified laser-based addressing unit provides a stable and low-error solution for qubit operations with coherence times of several seconds. Further adaptions of the waveguide structures and the implementation of micro optical lenses offer the potential of fully integrating the system into the microchip ion trap. Such a quasi-monolithic trap integration constitutes a compact, and highly scalable addressing and detection system with the ability to address as many qubit registers as the ion trap capacity allows.
Trapped ions provide a high-fidelity platform for quantum information processing, yet delivery of multiple, distinct wavelengths across large networks of interaction zones remains a bottleneck. Conventional free-space light delivery lacks scalability, while on-chip grating couplers suffer from narrow operational bandwidth that increases circuit footprint and optical interfacing complexity. Here we show a broadband photonic integrated circuit capable of addressing individual ions. The circuit combines a planar waveguide lens with a micromirror fabricated using two-photon polymerization at wafer scale. This implementation can address three individual ions from
λ = 405 - 880 nm with -27 dB average intensity crosstalk at
5μm pitch. We trap
40Ca+ and
138Ba+ ions above such devices, characterize optical crosstalk with barium ions, and demonstrate individual repumping of calcium ions. This monolithic photonic architecture brings broadband addressing in an on-chip modality to trapped-ion technology. More generally, integrating additive manufacturing into quantum devices is poised to unlock expanded design space for implementing novel quantum architectures.