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arXiv:1510.02353

Design of Quantum Key Agreement Protocols with Strong Fairness Property

Kun-Fei Yu, Chun‐Wei Yang, Tzonelih Hwang, Li, Chuan-Ming, Jun Gu

Published Oct 8, 2015• 5 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This study distinguishes the weak fairness property from the strong fairness property which is necessary in the quantum key agreement (QKA) and shows that most of the existing QKAs cannot achieve the strong fairness property with a key manipulation problem.To solve this problem, a model which describes the way to design a QKA with the strong fairness property is proposed. Based on the model, an example QKA is presented. Security analyses show that the proposed QKA is effective to resist not only outsider's eavesdropping attack but also insider's key manipulation.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1510.02353

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This study distinguishes the weak fairness property from the strong fairness property which is necessary in the quantum key agreement (QKA) and shows that most of the existing QKAs cannot achieve the strong fairness property with a key manipulation problem.To solve this problem, a model which describes the way to design a QKA with the strong fairness property is proposed. Based on the model, an example QKA is presented. Security analyses show that the proposed QKA is effective to resist not only outsider's eavesdropping attack but also insider's key manipulation.
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The fairness of a secure multi-party quantum key agreement (MQKA) protocol requires that all involved parties are entirely peer entities and can equally influence the outcome of the protocol to establish a shared key wherein no one can decide the shared key alone. However, it is found that parts of the existing MQKA protocols are sensitive to collusion attacks, i.e., some of the dishonest participants can collaborate to predetermine the final key without being detected. In this paper, a multi-party QKA protocol resisting collusion attacks is proposed. Different from previous QKA protocol resisting N−1N-1N−1 coconspirators or resisting 111 coconspirators, we investigate the general circle-type MQKA protocol which can be secure against ttt dishonest participants' cooperation. Here, t<Nt < Nt<N. We hope the results of the presented paper will be helpful for further research on fair MQKA protocols.
Quantum key agreement (QKA) is an important quantum cryptography primitive. In a QKA protocol, two or more untrusted parties can agree on an identical key in such a way that they equally influence the key and no subset can decide it alone. However, in practical QKA, the imperfections of the participant’s detectors can be exploited to compromise the security and fairness of QKA. To remove all the detector-side-channel loopholes, a measurement-device-independent multi-party QKA protocol is proposed. The protocol exploits the post-selected GHZ states to generate a secure agreement key between legitimate participants, while ensuring the fairness of key agreement. Our protocol provides a new clue for the design of practical QKA protocols.
In this paper, we exhibit a practical quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol and give an analysis of its security. More precisely, we employ the hash function to prevent participants from cheating, so as to achieve the purpose of determining the key fairly by both participants. Our protocol is therefore computationally secure against internal attacks while still providing unconditional security against eavesdropping attacks. The quantum part of our protocol is similar to BB84, so it is simple to implement and has a wide range of applications.
Quantum key agreement (QKA) can generate a shared secret key which is equally negotiated by all the participants in the protocol. In most of the QKA protocols, all the participants require quantum capabilities. But the quantum devices are too expensive for participants. This paper proposes a mutual semi-quantum key agreement protocol which allows two parties (Alice and Bob) to negotiate a shared secret key equally. In the protocol, Alice can perform any quantum operation, but Bob is a classical participant which can only perform reflection, measurement and reorder operation. Even though Bob has fewer quantum resources, Alice and Bob have an equal contribution to the shared final key, no one can determine the shared key alone. In addition, we demonstrate the security of the proposed protocol. The analysis results show that the proposed protocol not only resists against some common attacks but also assures the fairness property. It is significant for communication participant without enough quantum devices to achieve quantum communication. The proposed protocol can be implemented with present quantum technologies.
In this paper, we propose one new quantum key agreement (QKA) protocol using non-maximally entangled Bell states with positive operator-valued measurement (POVM). It is designed for multi-party QKA by non-maximally entangled Bell states with POVM. Since Bell states and single particle can be obtained by various physical systems, thus, our protocol is feasible based on the current technology. It is secure against the outsider and participant attack. Further, it is shown that the shared key is decided by all participants. Therefore, it could guarantee the security and fairness.