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arXiv:1509.06217 · Laser & Photonics Review

Demonstration of local teleportation using classical entanglement

Diego Guzmán-Silva, Robert Brüning, Felix Zimmermann, Christian Vetter, Markus Gräfe, Matthias Heinrich, Stefan Nolte, Michael R. Duparre, Andrea Aiello, Marco Ornigotti, Alexander Szameit

Published Jan 11, 2016• 70 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Teleportation describes the transmission of information without transport of neither matter nor energy. For many years, however, it has been implicitly assumed that this scheme is of inherently nonlocal nature, and therefore exclusive to quantum systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the concept of teleportation can be readily generalized beyond the quantum realm. We present an optical implementation of the teleportation protocol solely based on classical entanglement between spatial and modal degrees of freedom, entirely independent of nonlocality. Our findings could enable novel methods for distributing information between different transmission channels and may provide the means to leverage the advantages of both quantum and classical systems to create a robust hybrid communication infrastructure. image

DOI
10.1002/lpor.201500252

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Abstract Teleportation describes the transmission of information without transport of neither matter nor energy. For many years, however, it has been implicitly assumed that this scheme is of inherently nonlocal nature, and therefore exclusive to quantum systems. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the concept of teleportation can be readily generalized beyond the quantum realm. We present an optical implementation of the teleportation protocol solely based on classical entanglement between spatial and modal degrees of freedom, entirely independent of nonlocality. Our findings could enable novel methods for distributing information between different transmission channels and may provide the means to leverage the advantages of both quantum and classical systems to create a robust hybrid communication infrastructure. image
Open quantum systems and study of decoherence are important for our fundamental understanding of quantum physical phenomena. For practical purposes, a large number of quantum protocols exist that exploit quantum resources, e.g., entanglement, which allows us to go beyond what is possible to achieve by classical means. We combine concepts from open quantum systems and quantum information science and give a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration---with teleportation---that it is possible to implement efficiently a quantum protocol via a non-Markovian open system. The results show that, at the time of implementation of the protocol, it is not necessary to have the quantum resource in the degree of freedom used for the basic protocol---as long as there exists some other degree of freedom or the environment of an open system, which contains useful resources. The experiment is based on a pair of photons, where their polarizations act as open system qubits and frequencies as their environments, while the path degree of freedom of one of the photons represents the state of Alice's qubit to be teleported to Bob's polarization qubit.
Summary form only given. Quantum teleportation is a technique via which the quantum state of a system can be reconstructed at a distant station through the direct transmission of only classical information. This remarkable effect is made possible by the sharing of a nonlocally entangled state by the sender and receiver, constituting an indirect quantum channel. Teleportation has applications in quantum computing and general quantum information manipulation. Teleportation of optical fields holds great promise due to the power of the required optical tools and the maturity of relevant optical communications technology. Recently, a high efficiency, experimental demonstration of the continuous variable teleportation of a single mode, coherent optical field has been made.
During the quantum teleportation protocol, Alice sends two bits of classical information to Bob, which somehow transports quantum information from Alice's location to Bob's location. The local account of teleportation from Deutsch and Hayden reveals that these bits are actually qubits instantiating locally inaccessible information, and appear classical because they carry information in a form that is robust to decoherence. If the classical bits have absolutely no underlying quantum properties, teleportation will fail - challenging all current and future variants of quantum theory that explain teleportation using only classical properties of the physical bits being transported. A successful teleportation via apparently classical bits therefore indicates that either: (1) the fundamental principle of locality, which says that isolated systems are independent from each other, is false, or (2) the apparently classical bits actually have some quantum properties. We propose using existing models for quantum-classical dynamics, such as Sudarshan's, and the dynamics-independent Constructor Theory, to determine exactly what features a system with unknown dynamics needs to carry information for teleportation. Our proposal may characterise a new form of non-classicality, giving novel insights into hybrid quantum-classical systems. This could lead to new experimental proposals to test the properties of systems with unknown dynamics.
There are two traditionally-separated approaches to optical quantum information: the continuous- and discrete-variable strategies respectively linked to the wave-like and particle-like nature of light. This thesis work is focused on the novel hybrid approach aiming to join the capabilities of both strategies into single systems. Using hybrid methods, we report on the use of optical parametric oscillators and superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors to generate highly non-classical non-Gaussian states such as high-purity single-photons, Schr\"odinger cat states and finally hybrid entanglement of light between continuous- and discrete-variable encoding. The potential of this resource is studied in a number of protocols. We first consider non-locality tests with hybrid entanglement such as Bell inequality violation and experimentally demonstrate the violation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequalities. We finally report on the progress made towards the implementation of a new setup for the demonstration of hybrid quantum teleportation between continuous and discrete-variable encodings. Our demonstrations prove the versatility of this hybrid resource and open the possibility of implementing scalable quantum networks linking systems of dissimilar nature.
Quantum teleportation provides a "disembodied" way to transfer quantum states from one object to another at a distant location, assisted by priorly shared entangled states and a classical communication channel. In addition to its fundamental interest, teleportation has been recognized as an important element in long-distance quantum communication, distributed quantum networks and measurement-based quantum computation. There have been numerous demonstrations of teleportation in different physical systems such as photons, atoms, ions, electrons, and superconducting circuits. Yet, all the previous experiments were limited to teleportation of one degree of freedom (DoF) only. However, a single quantum particle can naturally possess various DoFs -- internal and external -- and with coherent coupling among them. A fundamental open challenge is to simultaneously teleport multiple DoFs, which is necessary to fully describe a quantum particle, thereby truly teleporting it intactly. Here, we demonstrate the first teleportation of the composite quantum states of a single photon encoded in both the spin and orbital angular momentum. We develop a method to project and discriminate hyper-entangled Bell states exploiting probabilistic quantum non-demolition measurement, which can be extended to more DoFs. We verify the teleportation for both spin-orbit product states and hybrid entangled state, and achieve a teleportation fidelity ranging from 0.57 to 0.68, above the classical limit. Our work moves a step toward teleportation of more complex quantum systems, and demonstrates an enhanced capability for scalable quantum technologies.
This paper investigates the potential of utilizing multi-modal quantum states for enhanced quantum teleportation and information transfer. Current quantum teleportation techniques are fundamentally limited to the transfer of a single quantum state. This research proposes a novel approach leveraging the entanglement inherent in multi-modal quantum states to facilitate the transfer of quantum information between multiple states simultaneously. The core mechanism involves constructing a multi-modal quantum entanglement source and employing quantum state transformations and measurements to achieve information transfer. The theoretical framework presented outlines the key aspects of this process, demonstrating its potential to overcome the limitations of traditional quantum teleportation and unlock new avenues in quantum communication. The study focuses on the theoretical aspects and does not involve experimental validation. The primary contribution lies in expanding the scope of quantum teleportation and offering a fundamentally different approach to information transfer in the quantum realm.