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arXiv:1509.03051

Fidelity Approach to Quantum Phase Transitions in Quantum Ising Model

Bogdan Damski

Published Jul 22, 2015• 10 citations
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Abstract

Fidelity approach to quantum phase transitions uses the overlap between ground states of the system to gain some information about its quantum phases. Such an overlap is called fidelity. We illustrate how this approach works in the one dimensional quantum Ising model in the transverse field. Several closed-form analytical expressions for fidelity are discussed. An example of what insights fidelity provides into the dynamics of quantum phase transitions is carefully described. The role of fidelity in central spin systems is pointed out.

DOI
10.1142/9789814704090_0006

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Fidelity approach to quantum phase transitions uses the overlap between ground states of the system to gain some information about its quantum phases. Such an overlap is called fidelity. We illustrate how this approach works in the one dimensional quantum Ising model in the transverse field. Several closed-form analytical expressions for fidelity are discussed. An example of what insights fidelity provides into the dynamics of quantum phase transitions is carefully described. The role of fidelity in central spin systems is pointed out.
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We study the quantum fidelity (ground-state overlap) near quantum phase transitions of the Ising universality class in one-dimensional (1D) systems of finite-size LLL. Prominent examples occur in magnetic systems (e.g., spin-Peierls, the anisotropic XYXYXY model) and in 1D topological insulators of any topologically nontrivial Altland-Zirnbauer-Kitaev universality class. The rescaled fidelity susceptibility is a function of the only dimensionless parameter LMLMLM, where 2M2M2M is the gap in the fermionic spectrum. We present analytic expressions for the fidelity susceptibility for periodic and open boundaries conditions with zero, one, or two edge states. The latter are shown to have a crucial impact and alter the susceptibility both quantitatively and qualitatively. We support our analytical solutions with numerical data.
The notion of fidelity in quantum information science has been recently applied to analyze quantum phase transitions from the viewpoint of the ground-state (GS) overlap for various many-body systems. In this work, we unveil the intrinsic relation between the GS fidelity and the derivatives of GS energy and find that they play an equivalent role in identifying the quantum phase transition. The general connection between the two approaches enables us to understand the different singularity and scaling behaviors of fidelity exhibited in various systems on general grounds. Our general conclusions are illustrated via several quantum spin models which exhibit different kinds of quantum phase transitions.