Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1508.04501 · Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Optically detected magnetic resonance of high-density ensemble of NV − centers in diamond

Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Hiroki Morishita, Takaaki Shimo-Oka, Toshiyuki Tashima, Kosuke Kakuyanagi, Kouichi Semba, William J. Munro, Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Norikazu Mizuochi, Shiro Saito

Published May 23, 2016• 56 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) is a way to characterize the ensemble of NV − centers. Recently, a remarkably sharp dip was observed in the ODMR with a high-density ensemble of NV centers. The model (Zhu et al 2014 Nat. Commun . 5 3424) indicated that such a dip was due to the spin-1 properties of the NV − centers. Here, we present many more details of the analysis to show how this model can be applied to investigate the properties of the NV − centers. By using our model, we have reproduced the ODMR with and without applied external magnetic fields. Additionally, we investigate how the ODMR is affected by the typical parameters of the ensemble NV − centers such as strain distributions, inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and homogeneous broadening width. Our model provides a way to characterize the NV − center from the ODMR, which would be crucial to realize diamond-based quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1088/0953-8984/28/27/275302

Related papers

Determining Strain Components in a Diamond Waveguide from Zero-Field ODMR Spectra of NV$^{-}$ Center Ensembles

Mohammad Sahnawaz Alam, Federico Gorrini, Michał Gawełczyk +13 more

The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV$^{-}$) center in diamond has shown great potential in nanoscale sensing and quantum information processing due to its rich spin physics. An efficient coupling with light, providing strong luminescence, is crucial for realizing these applications. Laser-written waveguides in diamond promote NV$^{-}$ creation and improve their coupling to light but, at the same time, induce strain in the crystal. The induced strain contributes to light guiding but also affects the energy levels of NV$^{-}$ centers. We probe NV$^{-}$ spin states experimentally with the commonly used continuous-wave zero-field optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). In our waveguides, the ODMR spectra are shifted, split, and consistently asymmetric, which we attribute to the impact of local strain. To understand these features, we model ensemble ODMR signals in the presence of strain. By fitting the model results to the experimentally collected ODMR data, we determine the strain tensor components at different positions, thus determining the strain profile across the waveguide. This shows that zero-field ODMR spectroscopy can be used as a strain imaging tool. The resulting strain within the waveguide is dominated by a compressive axial component transverse to the waveguide structure, with a smaller contribution from vertical and shear strain components.

arXiv:2402.06422•Feb 9, 2024•1 citation

Enhanced Temperature Sensitivity in Ensemble NV Centers through Improved Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectral Modeling

Yuki S. Kato, Shingo Sotoma, Keisuke Fujita +5 more

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles provide a powerful platform for high-precision temperature sensing, with ongoing efforts to further enhance their measurement performance. In ensemble NV optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra, commonly used Lorentzian and Voigt fitting models fail to accurately describe the spectral shape near the resonance frequency, leading to degraded precision in resonance-frequency determination and, consequently, temperature estimation. In this work, we analytically establish a new fitting method, termed dip-peak fitting, for extracting the resonance frequency from ensemble cw-ODMR spectra. Starting from a physical model that describes ensemble cw-ODMR spectra as a convolution of single-NV responses with distributed zero-field splitting and strain, we show that the spectral feature near resonance can be accurately approximated by a single Lorentzian function with a background term. The proposed fitting model reproduces the cw-ODMR spectrum around resonance more faithfully than conventional approaches, enabling faster and more accurate resonance-frequency determination under weaker microwave excitation. Experiments using fluorescent nanodiamond ensembles confirm the robustness and applicability of this method for high-precision temperature sensing.

physics.ins-detCross-listedarXiv:2605.18863•May 18, 2026

Effects of optical excitation on the Ramsey magnetometry of ensemble NV centers in diamond

Y. Aoki, T. Sekiguchi, T. Shibata +10 more

Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have found broad applications owing to optical spin initialization and readout as well as long spin coherence time at room temperature.1 Recently, we have reported the construction of a pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) system based on double quantum (DQ) Ramsey magnetometry with lock-in (LI) detection towards DC magnetic field sensitivity sufficient for magnetoencephalography.2 The LI detection of fluorescence allowed reduction of the noise floor, removal of the signal offset, and real-time monitoring of the magnetic field. Beyond the CW-ODMR, where spectral broadening and contrast reduction are induced by high-power excitation, the DQ-Ramsey is expected to have highersensitivity, as it allows extension of spin dephasing time T2 * and increase of contrast and fluorescence rates.2 In practice, however, the magnetic sensitivity depends also on how the optical excitation is applied. In this study, we report the excitation power stabilization by reducing the phase noise and the effect of the excitation power on the fluorescence saturation behavior.

•Nov 17, 2023•0 citations

Laser-induced thermal effects on ODMR in NV-ensemble diamond at ambient and vacuum

Mohammed Attrash, Tamara Amro, Ilya Simanovsky +5 more

The spin dynamics of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV⁻) centers in diamond are highly sensitive to quantum electromagnetic fluctuations arising from optical excitation, chemical interactions, and thermal processes. Here we investigated the optical and spin properties of ensembles of NV⁻ centers in diamond under continuous-wave (CW) and nanosecond pulsed laser excitation. Optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) is employed to monitor laser induced shifts of the zero-field splitting parameter D under ambient and high-vacuum conditions. Increasing CW laser power results in a systematic downshift of the resonance frequency due to laser-induced heating. The effect is significantly enhanced under vacuum, where the shift in D reaches up to ~17 MHz, compared to ~5 MHz in air, emphasizing the role of environmental thermal dissipation. Under nanosecond pulsed excitation, increasing the pulse repetition rate similarly leads to resonance shifts and reduced ODMR contrast, consistent with cumulative thermal effects. Visible and infrared spectroscopy confirm power dependent modifications of NV emission. Time resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the excited-state lifetime (~6 ns) remains nearly constant across the investigated excitation range, indicating that in this regime the dominant limitation is thermal loading of the spin resonance rather than a change in intrinsic radiative decay dynamics. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of thermal effects in high power optical excitation of NV ensembles and are directly relevant for high intensity NV-based sensing and spectroscopy, particularly in vacuum environments.

Diamond and Related Materials•Mar 26, 2026•0 citations

Optical readout of electronic spin state of nitrogen-vacancy center in nanodiamonds at room-temperature

Rahul Dhankhar, Nitesh Singh, Rajesh V. Nair

The color centers in diamonds are promising candidates in the context of quantum information science, quantum computation, and spin-based quantum sensors due to their exceptional spin-dependent emission properties. The manipulation and the optical readout of the spin state is measured using a spectroscopic technique known as the Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR). Here, we discuss the indigenous development of an ODMR setup to manipulate and measure the spin state of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The study involves the confocal mapping of NV centers to measure the spin state by applying a micro-wave field. The spin state control appears as a dip in the measured emission intensity as a function of micro-wave frequency.

Workshop on Recent Advances in Photonics (WRAP)•Dec 7, 2023•0 citations

Nitrogen vacancies (NV) centers in diamond for magnetic sensors and quantum sensing

Mayeul Chipaux, Stéphane Xavier, Alexandre Tallaire +6 more

Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers are point defects in diamond that allow magnetic field sensing based on Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR). They are processed in ultrapure single-domain CVD grown diamond crystals and can be operated at room temperature. This results in solid-state sensors with a wide variety of applications. Ensemble of NV centers can be used to perform wide-field magnetic imaging with sensitivity in the nT range. Single NV centers can also be processed, which allows sensing at the atomic scale. This possibility, combined with its unique coherence properties, make NV center an ideal candidate for quantum sensing.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 8, 2015•3 citations
Abstract Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) is a way to characterize the ensemble of NV − centers. Recently, a remarkably sharp dip was observed in the ODMR with a high-density ensemble of NV centers. The model (Zhu et al 2014 Nat. Commun . 5 3424) indicated that such a dip was due to the spin-1 properties of the NV − centers. Here, we present many more details of the analysis to show how this model can be applied to investigate the properties of the NV − centers. By using our model, we have reproduced the ODMR with and without applied external magnetic fields. Additionally, we investigate how the ODMR is affected by the typical parameters of the ensemble NV − centers such as strain distributions, inhomogeneous magnetic fields, and homogeneous broadening width. Our model provides a way to characterize the NV − center from the ODMR, which would be crucial to realize diamond-based quantum information processing.
Determining Strain Components in a Diamond Waveguide from Zero-Field ODMR Spectra of NV−^{-}− Center Ensembles
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−^{-}−) center in diamond has shown great potential in nanoscale sensing and quantum information processing due to its rich spin physics. An efficient coupling with light, providing strong luminescence, is crucial for realizing these applications. Laser-written waveguides in diamond promote NV−^{-}− creation and improve their coupling to light but, at the same time, induce strain in the crystal. The induced strain contributes to light guiding but also affects the energy levels of NV−^{-}− centers. We probe NV−^{-}− spin states experimentally with the commonly used continuous-wave zero-field optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). In our waveguides, the ODMR spectra are shifted, split, and consistently asymmetric, which we attribute to the impact of local strain. To understand these features, we model ensemble ODMR signals in the presence of strain. By fitting the model results to the experimentally collected ODMR data, we determine the strain tensor components at different positions, thus determining the strain profile across the waveguide. This shows that zero-field ODMR spectroscopy can be used as a strain imaging tool. The resulting strain within the waveguide is dominated by a compressive axial component transverse to the waveguide structure, with a smaller contribution from vertical and shear strain components.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles provide a powerful platform for high-precision temperature sensing, with ongoing efforts to further enhance their measurement performance. In ensemble NV optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectra, commonly used Lorentzian and Voigt fitting models fail to accurately describe the spectral shape near the resonance frequency, leading to degraded precision in resonance-frequency determination and, consequently, temperature estimation. In this work, we analytically establish a new fitting method, termed dip-peak fitting, for extracting the resonance frequency from ensemble cw-ODMR spectra. Starting from a physical model that describes ensemble cw-ODMR spectra as a convolution of single-NV responses with distributed zero-field splitting and strain, we show that the spectral feature near resonance can be accurately approximated by a single Lorentzian function with a background term. The proposed fitting model reproduces the cw-ODMR spectrum around resonance more faithfully than conventional approaches, enabling faster and more accurate resonance-frequency determination under weaker microwave excitation. Experiments using fluorescent nanodiamond ensembles confirm the robustness and applicability of this method for high-precision temperature sensing.
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have found broad applications owing to optical spin initialization and readout as well as long spin coherence time at room temperature.1 Recently, we have reported the construction of a pulsed optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) system based on double quantum (DQ) Ramsey magnetometry with lock-in (LI) detection towards DC magnetic field sensitivity sufficient for magnetoencephalography.2 The LI detection of fluorescence allowed reduction of the noise floor, removal of the signal offset, and real-time monitoring of the magnetic field. Beyond the CW-ODMR, where spectral broadening and contrast reduction are induced by high-power excitation, the DQ-Ramsey is expected to have highersensitivity, as it allows extension of spin dephasing time T2 * and increase of contrast and fluorescence rates.2 In practice, however, the magnetic sensitivity depends also on how the optical excitation is applied. In this study, we report the excitation power stabilization by reducing the phase noise and the effect of the excitation power on the fluorescence saturation behavior.
The spin dynamics of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV⁻) centers in diamond are highly sensitive to quantum electromagnetic fluctuations arising from optical excitation, chemical interactions, and thermal processes. Here we investigated the optical and spin properties of ensembles of NV⁻ centers in diamond under continuous-wave (CW) and nanosecond pulsed laser excitation. Optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) is employed to monitor laser induced shifts of the zero-field splitting parameter D under ambient and high-vacuum conditions. Increasing CW laser power results in a systematic downshift of the resonance frequency due to laser-induced heating. The effect is significantly enhanced under vacuum, where the shift in D reaches up to ~17 MHz, compared to ~5 MHz in air, emphasizing the role of environmental thermal dissipation. Under nanosecond pulsed excitation, increasing the pulse repetition rate similarly leads to resonance shifts and reduced ODMR contrast, consistent with cumulative thermal effects. Visible and infrared spectroscopy confirm power dependent modifications of NV emission. Time resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the excited-state lifetime (~6 ns) remains nearly constant across the investigated excitation range, indicating that in this regime the dominant limitation is thermal loading of the spin resonance rather than a change in intrinsic radiative decay dynamics. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of thermal effects in high power optical excitation of NV ensembles and are directly relevant for high intensity NV-based sensing and spectroscopy, particularly in vacuum environments.
The color centers in diamonds are promising candidates in the context of quantum information science, quantum computation, and spin-based quantum sensors due to their exceptional spin-dependent emission properties. The manipulation and the optical readout of the spin state is measured using a spectroscopic technique known as the Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR). Here, we discuss the indigenous development of an ODMR setup to manipulate and measure the spin state of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. The study involves the confocal mapping of NV centers to measure the spin state by applying a micro-wave field. The spin state control appears as a dip in the measured emission intensity as a function of micro-wave frequency.
Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers are point defects in diamond that allow magnetic field sensing based on Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR). They are processed in ultrapure single-domain CVD grown diamond crystals and can be operated at room temperature. This results in solid-state sensors with a wide variety of applications. Ensemble of NV centers can be used to perform wide-field magnetic imaging with sensitivity in the nT range. Single NV centers can also be processed, which allows sensing at the atomic scale. This possibility, combined with its unique coherence properties, make NV center an ideal candidate for quantum sensing.