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arXiv:1507.02210 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Spectral characterization of weak coherent state sources based on two-photon interference

Thiago Ferreira da Silva, Gustavo Castro do Amaral, Douglas Vitoreti, Guilherme P. Temporão, Jean Pierre von der Weid

Published Mar 3, 2015• 22 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate a method for characterizing the coherence function of coherent states based on two-photon interference. Two states from frequency mismatched faint laser sources are fed into a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer, and the interference pattern is fitted with the presented theoretical model for the quantum beat. The fitting parameters are compared to the classical optical beat when bright versions of the sources are used. The results show the equivalence between both techniques.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.000545

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We demonstrate a method for characterizing the coherence function of coherent states based on two-photon interference. Two states from frequency mismatched faint laser sources are fed into a Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometer, and the interference pattern is fitted with the presented theoretical model for the quantum beat. The fitting parameters are compared to the classical optical beat when bright versions of the sources are used. The results show the equivalence between both techniques.
We present and experimentally demonstrate a method for determining the spectral characterization of a single-photon state. This technique is based on the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference between a well-defined weak coherent state and a measured single-photon state. We estimate the spectrum of the single-photon state by fitting the measured interference dip with proposed model and least square method. Our method is particularly useful for characterising spectral property the single-photon state. It opens a way for robust and efficient on-line monitoring the single-photon emitters.
The Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is a versatile tool for analyzing the joint properties of photon pairs, relying on a truly quantum interference effect between two-photon probability amplitudes. While the theory behind this form of two-photon interferometry is well established, the development of advanced photon sources and exotic two-photon states has highlighted the importance of quantifying precisely what information can and cannot be inferred from features in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference trace. Here we examine Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with regard to a particular class of states, so-called quantum frequency combs, and place special emphasis on the role spectral phase plays in these measurements. We find that this form of two-photon interferometry is insensitive to the relative phase between different comb line pairs. This is true even when different comb line pairs are mutually coherent at the input of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and the fringe patterns display sharp temporal features. Consequently, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference cannot speak to the presence of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement in two-photon quantum frequency combs.
Interference between two completely independent photons lies at the heart of many photonic quantum information applications such as quantum repeaters, teleportation, and quantum key distribution. Here, we report the observation of Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference with two independent continuous-wave coherent light sources that are neither synchronized nor share any common reference. To prepare indistinguishable photons from two independent laser sources, we employ high-precision frequency-stabilization techniques using the 5 S 1 / 2 ( F = 3 ) − 5 P 1 / 2 ( F ′ = 3 ) transition line of Rb 85 atoms. We successfully observe an HOM interference fringe with two independent continuous-wave coherent photons originating from either the frequency-locked or the frequency-modulated lasers. An interference fringe involving two-photon beating is also observed when the frequency difference between the two interfering photons is beyond the spectral bandwidth of the individual coherent photons. We carry out further experiments to verify the robustness of the source preparation regardless of the separation distance between the two independent photon sources.
We report two-photon interference with continuous-wave multi-mode coherent light. We show that the two-photon interference, in terms of the detection time difference, reveals two-photon beating fringes with the visibility V = 0.5. While scanning the optical delay of the interferometer, Hong-Ou-Mandel dips or peaks are measured depending on the chosen detection time difference. The HOM dips/peaks are repeated when the optical delay and the first-order coherence revival period of the multi-mode coherent light are the same. These results help to understand the nature of two-photon interference and also can be useful for quantum information science.
Abstract Multiphoton interference is an important phenomenon in modern quantum mechanics and experimental quantum optics, and it is fundamental for the development of quantum information science and technologies. Over the last three decades, several theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the essential principles underlying such interference and to explore potential applications. Recently, the two-photon interference (TPI) of phase-randomized weak coherent states has played a key role in the realization of long-distance quantum communication based on the use of classical light sources. In this context, we investigated TPI experiments with weak coherent pulses and quantitatively analyzed the results in terms of the single- and coincidence-counting rates and one- and two-photon interference-fringe shapes. We experimentally examined the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type TPI of phase-randomized weak coherent pulses to compare the TPI effect at the single-photon level with that of correlated photons. Further experiments were also performed with two temporally- and spatially separated weak coherent pulses. Although the observed interference results, including the results of visibility and fringe shape, can be suitably explained by classical intensity correlation, the physics underlying the TPI effect needs to be interpreted as the interference between the two-photon states at the single-photon level within the utilized interferometer. The results of this study can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the TPI of coherent light at the single-photon level.
Quantum beats can be produced in fourth-order interference such as in a Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer by using photons with different frequencies. Here we present theoretically the appearance of interference of quantum beats when the HOM interferometer is combined with a Franson-type interferometer. This combination can make the interference effect of photons with different colors take place not only within the coherence time of downconverted fields but also in the region beyond that. We expect that it can provide a new method in quantum metrology, as it can realize the measurement of time intervals in three scales. (C) 2015 Chinese Laser Press