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arXiv:1506.05161 · New Journal of Physics

Tunable cavity coupling of the zero phonon line of a nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond

S Johnson, P R Dolan, Thomas Grange, Aurelien A. P. Trichet, Gaston Hornecker, Y C Chen, L Weng, G M Hughes, Andrew A. R. Watt, Alexia Auffèves, J M Smith

Published Dec 16, 2015• 73 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Tunable cavity coupling of the zero phonon line of a nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond, Johnson, S, Dolan, P R, Grange, T, Trichet, A A P, Hornecker, G, Chen, Y C, Weng, L, Hughes, G M, Watt, A A R, Auffèves, A, Smith, J M
DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/17/12/122003

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Recent demonstrations of entanglement between two remote Nitrogen-Vacancy centers, have opened the way for their use in distributed quantum networks. An efficient spin-photon interface will now be required to help realize this system as a technology. Here we demonstrate the tunable enhancement of the zero phonon line of a single nitrogen-vacancy colour centre in nanodiamond at cryogenic temperatures. A plano-hemispherical open cavity, fabricated using focused ion beam milling provides mode volumes as small as 1.25 cubic microns and quality factor Q ~ 3000. It will be shown how the open geometry and independently adjustable mirrors allows for precise placement of the emitter in the centre of the cavity mode, and crucially enables in-situ tuning of the cavity resonances. At optimal coupling, the signal from individual zero phonon line transitions is enhanced by a factor of 6.25 through the Purcell effect and the overall emission rate of the NV- centre is increased by 40% compared with that measured from the same centre in the absence of cavity field confinement. This Purcell enhancement is mapped out as a function of cavity mode volume. These results represent a proof of principle for a tunable cryogenic spin-photon interface. However by far the best NV optical and spin coherences are to be found in bulk material and efforts towards the production of diamond membranes are currently being made, with dimensions suitable for open-cavity coupling. Efforts towards this and preliminary results will also be discussed.
In this work, we demonstrate two developments, in device and material engineering respectively, towards an efficient spin-photon device using colour centres in diamond for scalable quantum computing networks: firstly, we report the emission enhancement of the coherent zero-phonon-line transistion of an nitrogen vacancy centre in a diamond membrane on coupling to a tunable open-cavity; secondly, we present a new method for deterministic writing of NV arrays in bulk diamond with a 96% yield of single defects, a 50 nm positional accuracy in the image plane, and NV electron spin coherence (T2) times of up to 170 microseconds.
The realisation of an efficient spin-photon interface using the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre (NV-) in diamond requires the resonant coupling of the zero phonon line (ZPL) of the centre to an optical microcavity [1]. The cavity serves to encourage emission into the ZPL in preference to the phonon sidebands, and potentially also to increase the homogeneous linewidth via a reduction of the lifetime (the Purcell effect) thus assisting in the generation of indistinguishable photons. Cavity coupling thus has potential to improve by orders of magnitude the speed with which entanglement can be created between spatially remote NV- centres [2], and to enable other mechanisms for realising spin-photon interfaces via non-demolition measurements [3].