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arXiv:1506.01905 · Physical Review B

Continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo using worm sampling

Patrik Gunacker, Markus Wallerberger, Emanuel Gull, Andreas Hausoel, Giorgio Sangiovanni, Karsten Held

Published Oct 1, 2015• 51 citations
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Abstract

We present a worm sampling method for calculating one- and two-particle Green's functions using continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the hybridization expansion (CT-HYB). Instead of measuring Green's functions by removing hybridization lines from partition function configurations, as in conventional CT-HYB, the worm algorithm directly samples the Green's function. We show that worm sampling is necessary to obtain general two-particle Green's functions which are not of density-density type and that it improves the sampling efficiency when approaching the atomic limit. Such two-particle Green's functions are needed to compute off-diagonal elements of susceptibilities and occur in diagrammatic extensions of the dynamical mean-field theory and in efficient estimators for the single-particle self-energy.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.92.155102

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We present a worm sampling method for calculating one- and two-particle Green's functions using continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulations in the hybridization expansion (CT-HYB). Instead of measuring Green's functions by removing hybridization lines from partition function configurations, as in conventional CT-HYB, the worm algorithm directly samples the Green's function. We show that worm sampling is necessary to obtain general two-particle Green's functions which are not of density-density type and that it improves the sampling efficiency when approaching the atomic limit. Such two-particle Green's functions are needed to compute off-diagonal elements of susceptibilities and occur in diagrammatic extensions of the dynamical mean-field theory and in efficient estimators for the single-particle self-energy.
We derive the improved estimators for general interactions and employ these for the continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo method. Using a worm algorithm we show how measuring higher-ordered correlators leads to an improved high-frequency behavior in irreducible quantities such as the one-particle self-energy or the irreducible two-particle vertex for non-density-density interactions. A good knowledge of the asymptotics of the two-particle vertex is essential for calculating nonlocal electronic correlations using diagrammatic extensions to the dynamical mean field theory as well as for calculating susceptibilities. We test our algorithm against analytic results for the multiorbital atomic limit and the Falicov-Kimball model.
We derive the equations for calculating the high-frequency asymptotics of the local two-particle vertex function for a multiorbital impurity model. These relate the asymptotics for a general local interaction to equal-time two-particle Green's functions, which we sample using continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulations with a worm algorithm. As specific examples we study the single-orbital Hubbard model and the three t2g{t}_{2g}t2g​ orbitals of SrVO3{\mathrm{SrVO}}_{3}SrVO3​ within dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT). We demonstrate how the knowledge of the high-frequency asymptotics reduces the statistical uncertainties of the vertex and further eliminates finite-box-size effects. The proposed method benefits the calculation of nonlocal susceptibilities in DMFT and diagrammatic extensions of DMFT.
In this paper, we present an efficient and stable method to determine the one-particle Green's function in the hybridization-expansion continuous-time (CT-HYB) quantum Monte Carlo method within the framework of the dynamical mean-field theory. The high-frequency tail of the impurity self-energy is replaced with a noise-free function determined by a dual-expansion around the atomic limit. This method does not depend on the explicit form of the interaction term. More advantageous, it does not introduce any additional numerical cost to the CT-HYB simulation. We discuss the symmetries of the two-particle vertex, which can be used to optimize the simulation of the four-point correlation functions in the CT-HYB. Here, we adopt it to accelerate the dual-expansion calculation, which turns out to be especially suitable for the study of material systems with complicated band structures. As an application, a two-orbital Anderson impurity model with a general on-site interaction form is studied. The phase diagram is extracted as a function of the Coulomb interactions for two different Hund's coupling strengths. In the presence of the hybridization between different orbitals, for smaller interaction strengths, this model shows a transition from metal to band-insulator. Increasing the interaction strengths, this transition is replaced by a crossover from Mott-insulator to band-insulator behavior.
We describe an aberration of the resampling estimator for the Green's function customarily used in hybridization expansion continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo. It occurs due to Pauli principle constraints in calculations of Anderson impurity models with baths consisting of a discrete energy spectrum. We identify the missing Feynman diagrams, characterize the affected models and discuss implications as well as solutions. This issue does not occur when using worm sampling or in the presence of continuous baths. However certain energy spectra can be inherently close to a discrete limit, and we explain why autocorrelation times can become very large in these cases.
Recent years have seen a rise in the popularity of the physics of strongly interacting electronic systems, and in most of the more interesting cases the perturbative regime is not applicable. The continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo (CT-QMC) has already established its leading stochastic simulation method to address quantum impurity models that have gained central focus of DMFT. Lugiato-Lefever function approach, on the one hand, can provide a rigorous account of the electronic structure, excitation spectrum and phenomenon of correlation to most of the many-body systems. In the paper the connection between the CT-QMC technique and theory of Green functions are stated with a specification in the connection of the two, complementing each other in the solving of quantum many-body problems. We present the approach of CT-QMC that is numerically inexpensive but computes Green functions directly in the imaginary time that you then analytically continue to the real frequencies to obtain physical observables. Further, we discuss the ability to investigate quasiparticle behaviour, spectral density and transport phenomenon through self-energies acquired as Green functions in CT-QMC.
In this work we introduce a modified real-time continuous-time hybridization-expansion quantum Monte Carlo solver for a time-dependent single-orbital Anderson impurity model: CT-1/2-HYB-QMC. In the proposed method the diagrammatic expansion is performed only for one out of the two spin channels, while the resulting effective single-particle problem for the other spin is solved semi-analytically for each expansion diagram. CT-1/2-HYB-QMC alleviates the dynamical sign problem by reducing the order of sampled diagrams and makes it possible to reach twice as long time scales in comparison to the standard CT-HYB method. We illustrate the new solver by calculating an electric current through impurity in paramagnetic and spin-polarized cases.