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arXiv:1505.06618 · Optics Letters

Storage of orbital angular momenta of light via coherent population oscillation

A. J. F. de Almeida, S. Barreiro, W. S. Martins, R. A. de Oliveira, D. Felinto, Laurence Pruvost, J. W. R. Tabosa

Published May 21, 2015• 22 citations
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Abstract

We report on the storage of orbital angular momenta (OAM) of light via the phenomenon of coherent population oscillation (CPO) in cold cesium atoms. The experiment is performed using a delayed four wave mixing configuration, where the transverse optical information of a probe field carrying OAM associated with its azimuthal phase dependence is stored in the CPO of Zeeman sublevels of the hyperfine transition F=3→F'=2 of the cesium D2 line. We also demonstrate experimentally the simultaneous storage and retrieval of different OAM states propagating along different directions in space, leading to algebraic operations with OAM and, therefore, opening the possibility of multiplexing OAM states.

DOI
10.1364/ol.40.002545

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We report on the storage of orbital angular momenta (OAM) of light via the phenomenon of coherent population oscillation (CPO) in cold cesium atoms. The experiment is performed using a delayed four wave mixing configuration, where the transverse optical information of a probe field carrying OAM associated with its azimuthal phase dependence is stored in the CPO of Zeeman sublevels of the hyperfine transition F=3→F'=2 of the cesium D2 line. We also demonstrate experimentally the simultaneous storage and retrieval of different OAM states propagating along different directions in space, leading to algebraic operations with OAM and, therefore, opening the possibility of multiplexing OAM states.
We report on the storage of light via the phenomenon of coherent population oscillation (CPO) in an atomic cesium vapor at room temperature. In the experiment the optical information of a probe field is stored in the CPO of two ground states of a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ three-level system formed by the Zeeman sublevels of the hyperfine transition $F=3\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$ of the cesium D2{D}_{2}D2​ line. We show directly that this CPO-based memory is very insensitive to stray magnetic field inhomogeneities and presents a lifetime which is limited mainly by atomic motion. A theoretical simulation of the measured spectra was also developed and is in very good agreement with the experiment.
Summary form only given. Light beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted a great interest owing to their several applications ranging from the mechanical manipulation of macroscopic particles to the encoding of quantum information [1]. A well-known family of these beams is constituted by Laguerre-Gaussian modes specified by a topological charge ℓ, which gives to the mode a hélicoïdal phase structure and a corresponding OAM per photon equal to ℓħ. The nonlinear interaction of these beams with atomic systems has been investigated via four-wave mixing processes and the corresponding conservation of OAM demonstrated both in cold and thermal atoms [2]. The storage of OAM in cold and thermal atomic ensembles was also previously demonstrated [3].Differently from the previous observations, in this work we demonstrate that the stored OAM of a light beam can be retrieved along a nearly non-collinear direction with a reasonable fidelity. The experiment is performed in cold cesium atoms obtained from a MOT, using a delayed FWM configuration. Light beams with topological charges ℓ=0,1,2,3, produced by a spatial light modulator (SLM) are incident into the medium along the z direction, as shown in the simplified experimental scheme depicted in Fig. 1 (A). The frequency of the beams is resonant with the transition 6S1/2, F=3 - 6P3/2, F=2. The phase structure of the beam carrying OAM is stored into the Zeeman coherence grating induced by the incident writing beams W and W' that form a small angle (~ή between them and have opposite circular polarization. The writing beams are kept on for a period long enough to create a stationary Zeeman coherence grating and then are switched off. After the storage time, a reading beam R, counter-propagating and with opposite circular polarization to the writing beam W, is turned on and the retrieved beam (C), whose propagation direction is determined by the phase matching condition is monitored by a CCD camera. In Fig. 1(B) (a, b) we show images of the incident beams (W) intensity for the cases ℓ=1,2. In Fig. 1B (c, d) the corresponding images of the retrieved C beams. In order to determine the topological charges of the beams we create interference with a reference Gaussian beam. Fig 1(B) (e,f) and (g,h), show the interferograms for the incident (W) and the retrieved (C) beams respectively. Considering the detection geometry we conclude that the incident and retrieved beams carry the same OAM. These results clearly demonstrate that for small angles between W and W' beams, the OAM stored along the z direction can ben retrieved along the non-collinear direction z'. Additional results concerning the conservationof OAM as well as the manipulation of the stored OAM by a magnetic field will also be presented.
The paper reports on the storage of superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, as well as its manipulation through an applied transverse magnetic field. In the experiment , Zeeman sublevels of the degenerate two-level system is used. In another series of experiments,an external dc magnetic field is applied, nearly orthogonal to the plane defined by the incident beams. In this case,a series of collapses and revivals of the stored Zeeman coherence is observed. These observations demonstrate that superposition of OAM states can be stored into the atomic ensemble, and also the reversible transfer of OAM between light and atoms. Moreover, it also shows that the stored OAM can be manipulated with an external magnetic field.
We report on the demonstration of a nonlinear optical memory (NOM) for storage and on-demand manipulation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light via higher-order nonlinear processes in cold cesium atoms. A spatially resolved phase-matching technique is used to select each order of the nonlinear susceptibility associated, respectively, with time-delayed four-, six-, and eight-wave mixing processes. For a specific configuration of the stored OAM of the incident beams, we demonstrated that the OAM of the retrieved beam can be manipulated according to the order of the nonlinear process chosen by the operator for reading out the NOM. This demonstration indicates new pathways for applications in classical and quantum information processing where OAM of light is used to encode optical information.
We report on the generation of light carrying orbital angular momentum through Bragg diffraction into an electromagnetically induced coherence grating in a degenerate two-level system of cold cesium atoms, demonstrating the c onservation the c onservation of orbital angular momentum of light in a coherent four-wave mixing process. The induced Zeeman coherence grating is shown to contain the spatial phase structure of the incident beams. The e xchange of phase information between a light beam with orbital angular momentum and a long-lived atomic coherence opens up the way to process quantum process information encoded in a multidimensional state space.