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arXiv:1505.04622 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Fast accumulation of ions in a dual trap

Marius Romuald Kamsap, C. Champenois, J. Pedregosa-Gutierrez, M. Houssin, Martina Knoop

Published Jun 1, 2015• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Transporting charged particles between different traps has become an important feature in high-precision spectroscopy experiments of different types. In many experiments in atomic and molecular physics, the optical probing of the ions is not carried out at the same location as the creation or state preparation. In our double linear radio-frequency trap, we have implemented a fast protocol allowing to shuttle large ion clouds very efficiently between traps, in times shorter than a millisecond. Moreover, our shuttling protocol is a one-way process, allowing to add ions to an existing cloud without loss of the already trapped sample. This feature makes accumulation possible, resulting in the creation of large ion clouds. Experimental results show that ion clouds of large size are reached with laser cooling; however, the described mechanism does not rely on any cooling process.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/110/63002

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Transporting charged particles between different traps has become an important feature in high-precision spectroscopy experiments of different types. In many experiments in atomic and molecular physics, the optical probing of the ions is not carried out at the same location as the creation or state preparation. In our double linear radio-frequency trap, we have implemented a fast protocol allowing to shuttle large ion clouds very efficiently between traps, in times shorter than a millisecond. Moreover, our shuttling protocol is a one-way process, allowing to add ions to an existing cloud without loss of the already trapped sample. This feature makes accumulation possible, resulting in the creation of large ion clouds. Experimental results show that ion clouds of large size are reached with laser cooling; however, the described mechanism does not rely on any cooling process.
The manipulation of trapped charged particles by electric fields is an accurate, robust, and reliable technique for many applications or experiments in high-precision spectroscopy. The transfer of an ion sample between multiple traps allows the use of a tailored environment in quantum information, cold chemistry, or frequency metrology experiments. In this article, we experimentally study the transport of ion clouds of up to 8000080\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}00080000 ions over a distance of 20 mm inside a linear radio-frequency trap. Ion transport is controlled by a transfer function, which is designed taking into account the local electric potentials. We observe that the ion response is very sensitive to the details of the description of the electric potential. Nevertheless, we show that fast transport---with a total duration of 100 $\ensuremath{\mu}s$---results in transport efficiencies attaining values higher than 90% of the ion number, even with large ion clouds. For clouds smaller than 2000 ions, a 100% transfer efficiency is observed. Transport induced heating, which depends on the transport duration, is also analyzed.
While the linear radiofrequency trap finds various applications in high-precision spectroscopy and quantum information, its higher-order cousin, the linear multipole trap, is almost exclusively employed in physical chemistry. Recently, first experiments have shown interesting features by laser-cooling multipole-trapped ion clouds. Multipole traps show a flatter potential in their centre and therefore a modified density distribution compared to quadrupole traps. Micromotion is an important issue and will certainly influence the dynamics of crystallized ion structures. Our experiment tends to investigate possible crystallization processes in the multipole. In a more general way, we are interested in the study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of large ion clouds in traps of different geometry.
Abstract. While the linear radiofrequency trap finds various applications in high-precision spec-troscopy and quantum information, its higher-order cousin, the linear multipole trap, is almost exclu-sively employed in physical chemistry. Recently, first experiments have shown interesting features by laser-cooling multipole-trapped ion clouds. Multipole traps show a flatter potential in their cen-tre and therefore a modified density distribution compared to quadrupole traps. Micromotion is an important issue and will certainly influence the dynamics of crystallized ion structures. Our experi-ment tends to investigate possible crystallization processes in the multipole. In a more general way, we are interested in the study of the dynamics and thermodynamics of large ion clouds in traps of different geometry.
We analyze the possibility of cooling ions with a single laser beam, due to the coupling between the three components of their motion induced by the Coulomb interaction. For this purpose, we numerically study the dynamics of ion clouds of up to 140 particles, trapped in a linear quadrupole potential and cooled with a laser beam propagating in the radial plane. We use molecular dynamics simulations and model the laser cooling by a stochastic process. For each component of the motion, we systematically study the dependence of the temperature on the anisotropy of the trapping potential. Results obtained using the full radio-frequency (rf) potential are compared to those of the corresponding pseudopotential. In the rf case, the rotation symmetry of the potential has to be broken to keep ions inside the trap. Then, as for the pseudopotential case, we show that the efficiency of the Coulomb coupling to thermalize the components of motion depends on the geometrical configuration of the cloud. Coulomb coupling appears to be not efficient when the ions organize as a line or a pancake and the three components of motion reach the same temperature only if the cloud extends in three dimensions.
Trapped atomic ions have become one of the most promising architectures for a quantum computer, and current effort is now devoted to the transport of trapped ions through complex segmented ion trap structures in order to scale up to much larger numbers of trapped ion qubits. This paper covers several important issues relevant to ion transport in any type of complex multidimensional rf (Paul) ion trap array. We develop a general theoretical framework for the application of time-dependent electric fields to shuttle laser-cooled ions along any desired trajectory, and describe a method for determining the effect of arbitrary shuttling schedules on the quantum state of trapped ion motion. In addition to the general case of linear shuttling over short distances, we introduce issues particular to the shuttling through multidimensional junctions, which are required for the arbitrary control of the positions of large arrays of trapped ions. This includes the transport of ions around a corner, through a cross or T junction, and the swapping of positions of multiple ions in a laser-cooled crystal. Where possible, we make connections to recent experimental results in a multidimensional T junction trap, where arbitrary 2-dimensional transport was realized.
Trapped atomic ions have become one of the most promising architectures for a quantum computer, and current effort is now devoted to the transport of trapped ions through complex segmented ion trap structures in order to scale up to much larger numbers of trapped ion qubits. This paper covers several important issues relevant to ion transport in any type of complex multidimensional rf (Paul) ion trap array. We develop a general theoretical framework for the application of time-dependent electric fields to shuttle laser-cooled ions along any desired trajectory, and describe a method for determining the effect of arbitrary shuttling schedules on the quantum state of trapped ion motion. In addition to the general case of linear shuttling over short distances, we introduce issues particular to the shuttling through multidimensional junctions, which are required for the arbitrary control of the positions of large arrays of trapped ions. This includes the transport of ions around a corner, through a cross or T junction, and the swapping of positions of multiple ions in a laser-cooled crystal. Where possible, we make connection to recent experimental results in a multidimensional T junction trap, where arbitrary 2-dimensional transport was realized.