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arXiv:1504.00989 · Physical Review A

Rabi oscillations of Morris-Shore–transformed N -state systems by elliptically polarized ultrafast laser pulses

Hyosub Kim, Yunheung Song, Han-gyeol Lee, Jaewook Ahn

Published May 26, 2015• 6 citations
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Abstract

We present an experimental investigation of ultrafast laser-driven Rabi oscillations of atomic rubidium. Because the broadband spectrum of an ultrafast laser pulse simultaneously couples all of the electronic hyperfine transitions between the excited and ground states, the complex excitation linkages involved with the ${D}_{1}$ or ${D}_{2}$ transition are energy degenerate. By application of the Morris-Shore transformation, this study shows that the considered multistate system is reduced to a set of independent two-state systems and dark states. In experiments performed by ultrafast laser interactions of atomic rubidium in the strong interaction regime, we demonstrate that the ultrafast dynamics of the considered system are governed by no more than two decoupled Rabi oscillations when it interacts with ultrafast laser pulses of any polarization state. We further show the implications of this result with regard to possible control of photoelectron polarizations.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.91.053421

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We present an experimental investigation of ultrafast laser-driven Rabi oscillations of atomic rubidium. Because the broadband spectrum of an ultrafast laser pulse simultaneously couples all of the electronic hyperfine transitions between the excited and ground states, the complex excitation linkages involved with the D1{D}_{1}D1​ or D2{D}_{2}D2​ transition are energy degenerate. By application of the Morris-Shore transformation, this study shows that the considered multistate system is reduced to a set of independent two-state systems and dark states. In experiments performed by ultrafast laser interactions of atomic rubidium in the strong interaction regime, we demonstrate that the ultrafast dynamics of the considered system are governed by no more than two decoupled Rabi oscillations when it interacts with ultrafast laser pulses of any polarization state. We further show the implications of this result with regard to possible control of photoelectron polarizations.
The elaborate linkage pattern of the interaction Hamiltonian descriptive of pulsed laser interaction of elliptically polarized light with a degenerate two-level system can, for coherent excitation, be reduced to sets of independent pairs of coupled two-state equations by means of the Morris-Shore transformation [Phys. Rev. A 27, 906 (1983)]. By extending the earlier defining work, which dealt only with time-independent interactions, to consider various pulse shapes, one can obtain exact analytic solutions to various multilevel linkages. We use these to find the conditions on the interaction parameters (e.g., the ellipticity) leading to various population transfer schemes, for example, to achieve either population inversion or orientation. We illustrate these with the M and W linkages amongst magnetic sublevels of J=1J=1J=1 or J=2J=2J=2 excited by elliptically polarized light.
Abstract Quantum-state manipulation through coherent interaction with a radiation field is a fundamental process with broad implications in quantum optics and quantum information processing. However, current quantum control methods are limited by their operation at Rabi frequencies below the gigahertz range, which restricts their applicability to systems with long coherence times. To overcome this limitation, alternative approaches utilizing ultrafast driving lasers have garnered great interest. In this work, we demonstrate two-photon Rabi oscillations in the excited states of argon operating at terahertz frequencies driven by ultrafast laser pulses. Leveraging quantum-path interferometry, we are able to measure and manipulate both the amplitudes and phases of the transition dipoles by exploiting the intensity and polarization state of the driving laser. This precise control enables femtosecond population transfer and coherent accumulation of geometric phase. Our findings provide valuable insights into the all-optical manipulation of extreme-ultraviolet radiations and demonstrate the possibility of ultrafast quantum control through interferometric multiphoton transitions.
We demonstrate Rabi oscillation of a resonant two-photon transition in a three-level ladder-type quantum system of gaseous rubidium atoms induced by a single femtosecond laser pulse. For this, we shape the flat-top spatial profile of the laser pulse and perform the ultrafast population cycling of the atoms as a function of pulse energy. The experimental result confirms that the Rabi frequency of the transition from a ground state to a final state depends linearly on the pulse area, although the transition is a two-photon process.
We consider the Rabi oscillation of an atom ensemble of Gaussian spatial distribution interacting with ultrafast laser pulses. Based on an analytical model calculation, we show that its dephasing dynamics is solely governed by the size ratio between the atom ensemble and the laser beam, and that every oscillation peak of the inhomogeneously broadened Rabi flopping falls on the homogeneous Rabi oscillation curve. The results are verified experimentally with a cold rubidium vapor in a magneto-optical trap. As a robust means to achieve higher-fidelity population inversion of the atom ensemble, we demonstrate a spin-echo type R(x)(π/2)R(y)(π)R(x)(π/2) composite interaction as well.