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arXiv:1503.05498 · Physical Review A

Adiabatic control of atomic dressed states for transport and sensing

Nigel R. Cooper, Ana María Rey

Published Aug 12, 2015• 21 citations
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Abstract

We describe forms of adiabatic transport that arise for dressed-state atoms in optical lattices. Focusing on the limit of weak tunnel-coupling between nearest-neighbor lattice sites, we explain how adiabatic variation of optical dressing allows control of atomic motion between lattice sites: allowing adiabatic particle transport in a direction that depends on the internal state, and force measurements via spectroscopic preparation and readout. For uniformly filled bands these systems display topologically quantized particle transport. An implementation of the dressing scheme using optical transitions in alkaline-earth atoms is discussed as well as its favorable features for precise force sensing.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.021401

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We describe forms of adiabatic transport that arise for dressed-state atoms in optical lattices. Focusing on the limit of weak tunnel-coupling between nearest-neighbor lattice sites, we explain how adiabatic variation of optical dressing allows control of atomic motion between lattice sites: allowing adiabatic particle transport in a direction that depends on the internal state, and force measurements via spectroscopic preparation and readout. For uniformly filled bands these systems display topologically quantized particle transport. An implementation of the dressing scheme using optical transitions in alkaline-earth atoms is discussed as well as its favorable features for precise force sensing.
The tunneling properties of a quantum system of matter waves inside a periodic potential can be dramatically changed if the potential is driven back and forth. Similarly to an atom in a strong radiation field, the matter waves inside the strongly driven potential are "dressed" and acquire new properties. In this paper, the authors have demonstrated that such dressed matter waves can be coherently and adiabatically loaded and controlled in one, two and three dimensional strongly driven optical lattices. In the driven lattices the tunneling probability and the tunneling phase between adjacent lattice sites become a function of the driving parameters. The regimes in which the driving parameters can be changed without exciting the system have been identified, thus allowing coherent and adiabatic following. This coherent control is then used in order to reversibly induce the superfluid-Mott insulator phase transition by changing the the driving strength.
By means of optimal control techniques we model and optimize the manipulation of the external quantum state (center-of-mass motion) of atoms trapped in adjustable optical potentials. We consider in detail the cases of both noninteracting and interacting atoms moving between neighboring sites in a lattice of a double-well optical potentials. Such a lattice can perform interaction-mediated entanglement of atom pairs and can realize two-qubit quantum gates. The optimized control sequences for the optical potential allow transport faster and with significantly larger fidelity than is possible with processes based on adiabatic transport.
We predict that an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate strongly coupled to an intracavity optical lattice can undergo resonant tunneling and directed transport when a constant and uniform bias force is applied. The bias force induces Bloch oscillations, causing amplitude and phase modulation of the lattice which resonantly modifies the site-to-site tunneling. For the right choice of parameters a net atomic current is generated. The transport velocity can be oriented oppositely to the bias force, with its amplitude and direction controlled by the detuning between the pump laser and the cavity. The transport can also be enhanced through imbalanced pumping of the two counterpropagating running wave cavity modes. Our results add to the cold atoms quantum simulation toolbox, with implications for quantum sensing and metrology.
We load cold atoms into an optical lattice dramatically reshaped by radio-frequency coupling of state-dependent lattice potentials. This radio-frequency dressing changes the unit cell of the lattice at a subwavelength scale, such that its curvature and topology departs strongly from that of a simple sinusoidal lattice potential. Radio-frequency dressing has previously been performed at length scales from mm to tens of mum, but not at the single-optical-wavelength scale. At this length scale significant coupling between adiabatic potentials leads to nonadiabatic transitions, which we measure as a function of lattice depth and dressing amplitude. We also investigate the dressing by measuring changes in the momentum distribution of the dressed states.
We propose a new method to control the directed quantum transport of ultracold atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. In this proposal, the effective tunneling between the neighboring sites can be adjusted via coherent destruction of tunneling by tuning the phase of the external field, instead of using the driving field intensity or the frequency, thus the directed quantum transport of ultracold atoms can be coherently controlled in a much easier manner. Our proposal overcomes the major drawback of the method used by Creffield et al. [ Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 (2007) 110501 ], and can be implemented, in principle, in any one-dimensional optical lattice. Some potential applications of the scheme are also discussed.
We present a simple experimental scheme, based on standard atom-optics techniques, to design highly versatile model systems for the study of single-particle quantum transport phenomena. The scheme is based on a discrete set of free-particle momentum states that are coupled via momentum-changing two-photon Bragg transitions, driven by pairs of interfering laser beams. In the effective lattice models that are accessible, this scheme allows for single-site detection, as well as site-resolved and dynamical control over all system parameters. We discuss two possible implementations, based on state-preserving Bragg transitions and on state-changing Raman transitions, which, respectively, allow for the study of nearly arbitrary single-particle Abelian U(1) and non-Abelian U(2) lattice models.