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arXiv:1503.01693 · Physical Review A

Analysis of interference in attosecond transient absorption in adiabatic condition

Wenpu Dong, Yongqiang Li, Xiaowei Wang, Jianmin Yuan, Zengxiu Zhao

Published Sep 14, 2015• 15 citations
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Abstract

We simulate the transient absorption of attosecond pulses of infrared-laser-dressed atoms by considering a three-level system in the adiabatic approximation. The delay-dependent interference features are investigated from the perspective of the coherent interaction processes between the attosecond pulse and the quasiharmonics. We find that many features of the interference fringes in the absorption spectra of the attosecond pulse can be attributed to the coherence phase difference. However, the modulation signals of laser-induced sidebands of the dark state are found to be related to the population dynamics of the dark state by the dressing field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.92.033412

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We simulate the transient absorption of attosecond pulses of infrared-laser-dressed atoms by considering a three-level system in the adiabatic approximation. The delay-dependent interference features are investigated from the perspective of the coherent interaction processes between the attosecond pulse and the quasiharmonics. We find that many features of the interference fringes in the absorption spectra of the attosecond pulse can be attributed to the coherence phase difference. However, the modulation signals of laser-induced sidebands of the dark state are found to be related to the population dynamics of the dark state by the dressing field.
Line shapes observed in attosecond transient absorption spectra (ATAS) encode information on the phase of the optical dipole response. Understanding and controlling the phase evolution of interference fringes is among the fundamental goals of exploring coherent interaction. Here, we simulate the attosecond transient absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) dressing field by considering a three-level model in the adiabatic approximation. We find that the absorption line shape can be changed from Lorentzian to Fano to inverted Lorentzian and back again at two-photon dressed energy levels “ω ± 2ωι”, and line shapes evolve in half-cycle periodicity (T/2). Moreover, the direction of phase evolution of “ω ± 2ωι” is opposite, while the phases of “ω ± 2ωι” are roughly the same at certain delays with an interval of approximately a quarter-cycle periodicity (T/4). These results demonstrate that absorbance of two-photon dressed energy levels “ω ± 2ωι” can qualitatively map the AC Stark shift. These observations provide new insights into the control of spectral line shapes and open the way for the modulation of quantum optical interference in the laser-driven atom.
In the present paper, the time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy of helium atoms is investigated based on the three-level modeling. The helium atoms are subjected to an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse and a time-delayed infrared (IR) few-cycle laser field. The odd excited state are populated from the ground state by the XUV pulse due to the dipole selection rule, and probed by the time-delayed IR laser. The time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy based on the different coupling mechanism demonstrate some different features, the photoabsorption spectrum based on three-level model with rotating wave approximation (RWA) cannot repeat the fast oscillation and the sideband structure which have been observed in the previous experimental investigation. The dressing effect of IR laser pulse on the ground state can contribute new interference structures in the photoabsorption spectrum.
We calculate the transient absorption of an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) by helium atoms subject to a delayed infrared (IR) laser pulse. With the central frequency of the broad attosecond spectrum near the ionization threshold, the absorption spectrum is strongly modulated at the sub-IR-cycle level. Given that the absorption spectrum results from a time-integrated measurement, we investigate the extent to which the delay dependence of the absorption yields information about the attosecond dynamics of the atom-field energy exchange. We find two configurations in which this is possible. The first involves multiphoton transitions between bound states that result in interference between different excitation pathways. The second involves the modification of the bound state absorption lines by the IR field, which we find can result in a subcycle time dependence only when ionization limits the duration of the strong-field interaction.
We theoretically investigate the attosecond transient absorption spectrum of helium atom in the presence of an infrared-dressed laser pulse upon scanning their relative delay, with the particular emphasis on the chirp effect of the attosecond pulse. By numerically solving the fully three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we identify the attoscecond chirp can induce the temporal shift of the absorption spectrogram along the delay axis. Additionally, it is found that the extent of the temporal shift is dependent on both the position of the absorption line and the infrared pulse wavelength, which is well confirmed and reproduced by a three-level model. Moreover, we demonstrate that the observed features can be quantitatively explained in terms of the indirect two-photon absorption processes through some virtual states. This effect might provide a way to measure the chirp of attosecond pulse in an all-optical way.
We theoretically investigate the delay-dependent attosecond transient absorption spectra in the helium atom dressed by an infrared laser pulse in the wavelength range of 800-2400 nm.By numerically solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we find that the absorption spectrogram exhibits a multiple-fringe structure for using the mid-infrared dressing pulse.The quantitative calculation of the transition matrix between different Floquet states provides direct evidence on the origin of the multiple-fringe structure.Our result shows that the wavelength of the dressing pulse is an important parameter and the unique feature of attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy can be induced in the mid-infrared regime.
We present a theoretical study of transient absorption spectra of laser-dressed hydrogen atoms, based on numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation. The timing of absorption is controlled by the delay between an extreme ultra violet (XUV) pulse and an infrared (IR) laser field. The XUV pulse is isolated and several hundred attoseconds in duration, which acts as a pump to drive the ground-state electron to excited ppp states. The subsequent interaction with the IR field produces dressed states, which manifest as sidebands between the 1s-npnpnp absorption spectra separated by one IR-photon energy. We demonstrate that the population of dressed states is maximized when the timing of the XUV pulse coincides with the zero crossing of the IR field, and that their energies can be manipulated in a subcycle time scale by adding a chirp to the IR field. An alternative perspective to the problem is to think of the XUV pulse as a probe to detect the dynamical ac Stark shifts. Our results indicate that the accidental degeneracy of the hydrogen excited states is removed while they are dressed by the IR field, leading to large ac Stark shifts. Furthermore, we observe the Autler-Townes doublets for the n=2n=2n=2 and 3 levels using the 656 nm dressing field, but their separation does not agree with the prediction by the conventional three-level model that neglects the dynamical ac Stark shifts.