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arXiv:1502.03488 · Europhysics Letters (EPL)

A new Fano resonance in measurement processes

A. M. Martínez-Argüello, Moises Martinez-Mares, M. Cobián-Suárez, G. Báez, R. A. Méndez-Sánchez

Published Jun 1, 2015• 15 citations
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Abstract

In a wave resonant scattering process the interference of the continuous scattering amplitude with a discrete resonant state, both of the same undulatory nature, gives rise to a Fano resonance profile. We report experimental evidence of a new kind of Fano resonance, in which the continuous amplitude is of a different nature than that of the resonant wave. The continuous amplitude, of a electromagnetic nature, comes from the measurement process and induces a new type of prompt, or rapid, response of the system which we describe theoretically including this response as a direct process.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/110/54003

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In a wave resonant scattering process the interference of the continuous scattering amplitude with a discrete resonant state, both of the same undulatory nature, gives rise to a Fano resonance profile. We report experimental evidence of a new kind of Fano resonance, in which the continuous amplitude is of a different nature than that of the resonant wave. The continuous amplitude, of a electromagnetic nature, comes from the measurement process and induces a new type of prompt, or rapid, response of the system which we describe theoretically including this response as a direct process.
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Fano resonance is a ubiquitous phenomenon, and it is commonly interpreted as a two-channel interference of the discrete and continuous channels. The present work investigates the Fano profile from a perspective of the temporal evolution of the wave function. By exciting the atom with a δ pulse and calculating the evolution of the wave function, the Fano formula is deduced. The results clearly show that the Fano resonance is of a three-channel interference, which is different from the traditional understanding. The three channels are revealed as the ground-continuum, ground-discrete-continuum, and a previously unmentioned third channel, i.e., ground-continuum-discrete-continuum. The present three-channel interpretation can be easily generalized to other physical systems, contributing to a deeper understanding of the Fano profile.
We investigate the effect of decoherence on Fano resonances in wave transmission through resonant scattering structures. We show that the Fano asymmetry parameter q follows, as a function of the strength of decoherence, trajectories in the complex plane that reveal detailed information on the underlying decoherence process. Dissipation and unitary dephasing give rise to manifestly different trajectories. Our predictions are successfully tested against microwave experiments using metal cavities with different absorption coefficients and against previously published data on transport through quantum dots. These results open up new possibilities for studying the effect of decoherence in a wide array of physical systems where Fano resonances are present.
Asymmetric spectral line shapes are a hallmark of interference of a quasi-bound state with a continuum of states. Such line shapes are well known for multichannel systems, for example, in photoionization or Feshbach resonances in molecular scattering. On the other hand, in resonant single channel scattering, the signature of such interference may disappear due to the orthogonality of partial waves. Here, we show that probing the angular dependence of the cross section allows us to unveil asymmetric Fano profiles also in a single channel shape resonance. We observe a shift in the peak of the resonance profile in the elastic collisions between metastable helium and deuterium molecules with detection angle, in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions from full quantum scattering calculations. Using a model description for the partial wave interference, we can disentangle the resonant and background contributions and extract the relative phase responsible for the characteristic Fano-like profiles from our experimental measurements.
Interferometry is an indispensable tool across all the natural sciences. Recently, a new type of interferometer based on phase-sensitive Fano resonances has been proposed and implemented. In these Fano interferometers, the two arms are formed by a spectrally broad continuum channel, and a spectrally narrow resonant bound state scattering channel, respectively. We show that the textbook relation between interference visibility and coherence known from double-slit- or Mach-Zehnder-interferometers does not apply to Fano interferometers, because the physical origin of the interference extrema is different. We then show how instead the asymmetry of Fano spectra can be exploited to quantify coherence in Fano interferometers.
Narrow optical resonances of atoms or molecules have immense significance in various precision measurements, such as testing fundamental physics and the generation of primary frequency standards. In these studies, accurate transition centers derived from fitting the measured spectra are demanded, which critically rely on the knowledge of spectral line profiles. Here, we propose a new mechanism of Fano-like resonance induced by distant discrete levels and experimentally verify it with Doppler-free spectroscopy of vibration-rotational transitions of CO_{2}. The observed spectrum has an asymmetric profile and its amplitude increases quadratically with the probe laser power. Our results facilitate a broad range of topics based on narrow transitions.