Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1502.03014 · Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences

Bright solitons in non-equilibrium coherent quantum matter

Florian Pinsker, Hugo Flayac

Published Jan 1, 2016• 8 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We theoretically demonstrate a mechanism for bright soliton generation in spinor non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates made of atoms or quasi-particles such as polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. We give analytical expressions for bright (half) solitons as minimizing functions of a generalized non-conservative Lagrangian elucidating the unique features of inter and intra-competition in non-equilibrium systems. The analytical results are supported by a detailed numerical analysis that further shows the rich soliton dynamics inferred by their instability and mutual cross-interactions.

DOI
10.1098/rspa.2015.0592

Related papers

Pattern formation in non-equilibrium spinor polariton condensates

Florian Pinsker

Non-equilibrium polariton condensates entangle properties of lasers, atomic Bose- Einstein condensates (BEC) and semiconductor physics. They provide a great variety of physical phenomena while maintaining a simple theoretical description. Among those phenomena are nonlinear excitations such as solitons or spontaneous spin bifurcations. In this paper I first present a short overview on the theoretical basis of polaritons. Then starting from a scenario of excitation generation in equilibrium BEC I turn to corresponding phenomenona in polariton condensates such as dark soliton formation. Later the spin sensitive phenomena such as nonequilibrium bright solitons and half-bright solitons in semiconductor microcavities are discussed. Theoretically all the considered scenarios are described by partial differential equations (PDEs) and coupled systems thereof. The system of PDEs defines a so called condensate wave function, which completely describes the experimental relevant aspects of the physical system in a certain parameter regime where condensation occurs. The developed theories enables us particularly to make a variety of statements about excitations such as solitons and half-solitons in spinor systems forming within a non-equilibrium condensate. It turns out that by those means we can elucidate in particular the experimental implementation of a coherent superposition analog in a spin sensitive setting forming a macroscopic QUBIT within the semiconductor microcavity at temperatures in the Kelvin range.

Journal of Physics Conference Series•Sep 21, 2015•0 citations

Non-conservative Lagrangian method for half-dark solitons in spinor non-equilibrium Polariton condensates

Florian Pinsker

In this work I introduce a powerful analytical method to analyze states of non-equilibrium polariton Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). It is shown that the condensate wave functions carrying dark solitons and half-dark solitons can be expressed in terms of the natural parameters of the non-equilibrium system, i.e. the growth and decay rates and the interaction parameters. The derivation is based on a non-conservative Lagrangian formalism, which provides ordinary differential equations for the parameters of the dark soliton solutions in their dynamic environment. Explicit expressions for the stationary solution are stated, which significantly differ from those observed in atomic BEC. Subsequently the method is extended to spinor condensates, which yields ordinary differential equations for the parameters of half-dark solitons. Finally a stationary case with explicit expressions for half-dark solitons is presented as well.

arXiv:1501.01951•Jan 8, 2015•1 citation

Bright solitary waves and non-equilibrium dynamics in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

T. P. Billam

In this thesis we investigate the static properties and non-equilibrium dynamics of bright solitary waves in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in the zero-temperature limit, and we investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a driven atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature. Bright solitary waves in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are non-dispersive and soliton-like matter-waves which could be used in future atom-interferometry exper-iments. Using the mean-field, Gross-Pitaevskii description, we propose an exper-imental scheme to generate pairs of bright solitary waves with controlled velocity and relative phase; this scheme could form an important part of a future atom in-terferometer, and we demonstrate that it can also be used to test the validity of the mean-field model of bright solitary waves. We also develop a method to quanti-tatively assess how soliton-like static, three-dimensional bright solitary waves are; this assessment is particularly relevant for the design of future experiments. In reality, the non-zero temperatures and highly non-equilibrium dynamics occur-ring in a bright solitary wave interferometer are likely to necessitate a theoretical description which explicitly accounts for the non-condensate fraction. We show that a second-order, number-conserving description offers a minimal self-consistent treatment of the relevant condensate – non-condensate interactions at low temper-atures and for moderate non-condensate fractions. We develop a method to obtain a fully-dynamical numerical solution to the integro-differential equations of motion of this description, and solve these equations for a driven, quasi-one-dimensional test system. We show that rapid non-condensate growth predicted by lower-order descriptions, and associated with linear dynamical instabilities, can be damped by the self-consistent treatment of interactions included in the second-order descrip-tion. 1 Bright solitary waves and non-equilibrium dynamics in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Spin mixing induced dynamics of spinor solitons in $F=1$ Bose Einstein condensates

T. Panagos, A. Romero-Ros, G. C. Katsimiga +2 more

We explore soliton interactions in a homogeneous spinor $F=1$ Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) in the presence of a magnetic field, focusing on dark bright dark and bright dark bright configurations. We investigate how these interactions depend on the phase differences among bright solitons and their influence during the dynamics. Our findings align with prior non spinor results, i.e., repulsion among in phase bright solitons and attraction among out of phase pairs in self repulsive atomic BECs. The potential bright soliton attraction, added to the short range repulsion of dark dark soliton interactions, can lead to bound states. However, we find that these bound states break in the presence of spinor interactions due to the particle exchange dynamics between the hyperfine states of the components. Additonally, we develop an effective classical model to describe the soliton dynamics, using a Lagrangian approach. The accuracy of the model is tested by comparing it against numerical simulations. Our results suggest that the proposed model captures the essential features of soliton behavior in the presence of spin interactions, and provides congruent soliton trajectories and interspecies particle exchange dynamics in most of the cases.

cond-mat.quant-gasCross-listedarXiv:2606.14231•APS Open Science•Jun 15, 2026•0 citations

Dark–bright solitons in spinor polariton condensates under nonresonant pumping

Xingran Xu, Lei Chen, Zhang Zhi-dong +1 more

Abstract By adopting a mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii description of spinor polariton Bose–Einstein condensates under nonresonant pumping, we investigate the static and dynamical properties of dark–bright (DB) solitons. We derive the equation of motion for the center of mass of the DB solitons’ center analytically by using the Hamiltonian approach. The resulting equation captures how the combination of the open-dissipative character and the spin degrees of freedom of a polariton Bose–Einstein condensate affects the properties of DB solitons, i.e. DB solitons relax by blending with the background at a finite time. In this case, we also determine the lifetime of the DB solitons. Further numerical solutions of the modified dissipative two-component Gross–Pitaevskii equations are in excellent agreement with the analytical results. In the presence of the Langevin noise, we demonstrate that the DB solitons can still propagate for a long time, which is sufficient for their experimental observations within current facilities.

arXiv:1807.04401•Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Nov 29, 2018•16 citations

Dark-bright soliton interactions beyond the integrable limit

G. C. Katsimiga, Jan Stockhofe, P. G. Kevrekidis +1 more

In this work we present a systematic theoretical analysis regarding dark-bright solitons and their interactions, motivated by recent advances in atomic two-component repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, we study analytically via a two-soliton ansatz adopted within a variational formulation the interaction between two dark-bright solitons in a homogeneous environment beyond the integrable regime, by considering general inter- and intra-atomic interaction coefficients. We retrieve the possibility of a fixed point in the case where the bright solitons are out of phase. As the intercomponent interaction is increased, we also identify an exponential instability of the two-soliton state, associated with a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation. The latter gives rise to an asymmetric partition of the bright soliton mass and dynamically leads to spontaneous splitting of the bound pair. In the case of the in-phase bright solitons, we explain via parsing the analytical approximations and monitoring the direct dynamics why no such pair is identified, despite its prediction by the variational analysis.

arXiv:1611.04915•Physical Review A•Jan 20, 2017•22 citations
We theoretically demonstrate a mechanism for bright soliton generation in spinor non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensates made of atoms or quasi-particles such as polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. We give analytical expressions for bright (half) solitons as minimizing functions of a generalized non-conservative Lagrangian elucidating the unique features of inter and intra-competition in non-equilibrium systems. The analytical results are supported by a detailed numerical analysis that further shows the rich soliton dynamics inferred by their instability and mutual cross-interactions.
Non-equilibrium polariton condensates entangle properties of lasers, atomic Bose- Einstein condensates (BEC) and semiconductor physics. They provide a great variety of physical phenomena while maintaining a simple theoretical description. Among those phenomena are nonlinear excitations such as solitons or spontaneous spin bifurcations. In this paper I first present a short overview on the theoretical basis of polaritons. Then starting from a scenario of excitation generation in equilibrium BEC I turn to corresponding phenomenona in polariton condensates such as dark soliton formation. Later the spin sensitive phenomena such as nonequilibrium bright solitons and half-bright solitons in semiconductor microcavities are discussed. Theoretically all the considered scenarios are described by partial differential equations (PDEs) and coupled systems thereof. The system of PDEs defines a so called condensate wave function, which completely describes the experimental relevant aspects of the physical system in a certain parameter regime where condensation occurs. The developed theories enables us particularly to make a variety of statements about excitations such as solitons and half-solitons in spinor systems forming within a non-equilibrium condensate. It turns out that by those means we can elucidate in particular the experimental implementation of a coherent superposition analog in a spin sensitive setting forming a macroscopic QUBIT within the semiconductor microcavity at temperatures in the Kelvin range.
In this work I introduce a powerful analytical method to analyze states of non-equilibrium polariton Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). It is shown that the condensate wave functions carrying dark solitons and half-dark solitons can be expressed in terms of the natural parameters of the non-equilibrium system, i.e. the growth and decay rates and the interaction parameters. The derivation is based on a non-conservative Lagrangian formalism, which provides ordinary differential equations for the parameters of the dark soliton solutions in their dynamic environment. Explicit expressions for the stationary solution are stated, which significantly differ from those observed in atomic BEC. Subsequently the method is extended to spinor condensates, which yields ordinary differential equations for the parameters of half-dark solitons. Finally a stationary case with explicit expressions for half-dark solitons is presented as well.
In this thesis we investigate the static properties and non-equilibrium dynamics of bright solitary waves in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in the zero-temperature limit, and we investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics of a driven atomic Bose-Einstein condensate at finite temperature. Bright solitary waves in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates are non-dispersive and soliton-like matter-waves which could be used in future atom-interferometry exper-iments. Using the mean-field, Gross-Pitaevskii description, we propose an exper-imental scheme to generate pairs of bright solitary waves with controlled velocity and relative phase; this scheme could form an important part of a future atom in-terferometer, and we demonstrate that it can also be used to test the validity of the mean-field model of bright solitary waves. We also develop a method to quanti-tatively assess how soliton-like static, three-dimensional bright solitary waves are; this assessment is particularly relevant for the design of future experiments. In reality, the non-zero temperatures and highly non-equilibrium dynamics occur-ring in a bright solitary wave interferometer are likely to necessitate a theoretical description which explicitly accounts for the non-condensate fraction. We show that a second-order, number-conserving description offers a minimal self-consistent treatment of the relevant condensate – non-condensate interactions at low temper-atures and for moderate non-condensate fractions. We develop a method to obtain a fully-dynamical numerical solution to the integro-differential equations of motion of this description, and solve these equations for a driven, quasi-one-dimensional test system. We show that rapid non-condensate growth predicted by lower-order descriptions, and associated with linear dynamical instabilities, can be damped by the self-consistent treatment of interactions included in the second-order descrip-tion. 1 Bright solitary waves and non-equilibrium dynamics in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
Spin mixing induced dynamics of spinor solitons in F=1F=1F=1 Bose Einstein condensates
We explore soliton interactions in a homogeneous spinor F=1F=1F=1 Bose Einstein Condensate (BEC) in the presence of a magnetic field, focusing on dark bright dark and bright dark bright configurations. We investigate how these interactions depend on the phase differences among bright solitons and their influence during the dynamics. Our findings align with prior non spinor results, i.e., repulsion among in phase bright solitons and attraction among out of phase pairs in self repulsive atomic BECs. The potential bright soliton attraction, added to the short range repulsion of dark dark soliton interactions, can lead to bound states. However, we find that these bound states break in the presence of spinor interactions due to the particle exchange dynamics between the hyperfine states of the components. Additonally, we develop an effective classical model to describe the soliton dynamics, using a Lagrangian approach. The accuracy of the model is tested by comparing it against numerical simulations. Our results suggest that the proposed model captures the essential features of soliton behavior in the presence of spin interactions, and provides congruent soliton trajectories and interspecies particle exchange dynamics in most of the cases.
Abstract By adopting a mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii description of spinor polariton Bose–Einstein condensates under nonresonant pumping, we investigate the static and dynamical properties of dark–bright (DB) solitons. We derive the equation of motion for the center of mass of the DB solitons’ center analytically by using the Hamiltonian approach. The resulting equation captures how the combination of the open-dissipative character and the spin degrees of freedom of a polariton Bose–Einstein condensate affects the properties of DB solitons, i.e. DB solitons relax by blending with the background at a finite time. In this case, we also determine the lifetime of the DB solitons. Further numerical solutions of the modified dissipative two-component Gross–Pitaevskii equations are in excellent agreement with the analytical results. In the presence of the Langevin noise, we demonstrate that the DB solitons can still propagate for a long time, which is sufficient for their experimental observations within current facilities.
In this work we present a systematic theoretical analysis regarding dark-bright solitons and their interactions, motivated by recent advances in atomic two-component repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, we study analytically via a two-soliton ansatz adopted within a variational formulation the interaction between two dark-bright solitons in a homogeneous environment beyond the integrable regime, by considering general inter- and intra-atomic interaction coefficients. We retrieve the possibility of a fixed point in the case where the bright solitons are out of phase. As the intercomponent interaction is increased, we also identify an exponential instability of the two-soliton state, associated with a subcritical pitchfork bifurcation. The latter gives rise to an asymmetric partition of the bright soliton mass and dynamically leads to spontaneous splitting of the bound pair. In the case of the in-phase bright solitons, we explain via parsing the analytical approximations and monitoring the direct dynamics why no such pair is identified, despite its prediction by the variational analysis.