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arXiv:1502.02477

Entanglement Enabled Intensity Interferometry

Jordan S. Cotler, Frank A. Wilczek

Published Feb 9, 2015• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Intensity interferometry (Hanbury Brown - Twiss effect) is an interesting and useful concept that is usually presented as a manifestation of the quantum statistics of indistinguishable particles. Here, by exploiting possibilities for project and entanglement, we substantially widen the scope of its central idea, removing the requirement of indistinguishability. We thereby potentially gain access to a host of new observables, including subtle polarization correlations and entanglement itself. Our considerations also shed light on the physical significance of superselection.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1502.02477

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Intensity interferometry (Hanbury Brown - Twiss effect) is an interesting and useful concept that is usually presented as a manifestation of the quantum statistics of indistinguishable particles. Here, by exploiting possibilities for project and entanglement, we substantially widen the scope of its central idea, removing the requirement of indistinguishability. We thereby potentially gain access to a host of new observables, including subtle polarization correlations and entanglement itself. Our considerations also shed light on the physical significance of superselection.
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In spite of the predilections of the authors, the work of Hanbury Brown and Twiss on intensity interferometry may have had a more powerful impact on quantum optics than on astronomy. That it could have such an impact on quantum optics is even more surprising when one considers that the their results are more easily explained in the context of classical optics than quantum optics. Nevertheless for more than 50 years, quantum optics has been inspired by intensity interferometry and continues to add new variations and insights. I will discuss experiments using cold atoms, both bosons and fermions, and from sources both coherent and incoherent. The observations yield useful information concerning what happens in atomic systems both when they interact with each other and when they interact with light.
The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is one of the celebrated phenomenologies of modern physics that accommodates equally well classical (interferences of waves) and quantum (correlations between indistinguishable particles) interpretations.The effect was discovered in the late thirties with a basic observation of Hanbury Brown that radio-pulses from two distinct antennas generate signals on the oscilloscope that wiggle similarly to the naked eye.When Hanbury Brown and his mathematician colleague Twiss took the obvious step to propose bringing the effect in the optical range, they met with considerable opposition as single-photon interferences were deemed impossible.The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is nowadays universally accepted and, being so fundamental, embodies many subtleties of our understanding of the wave/particle dual nature of light.Thanks to a novel experimental technique, we report here a generalized version of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect to include the frequency of the detected light, or, from the particle point of view, the energy of the detected photons.Our source of light is a polariton condensate, that allows high-resolution filtering of a spectrally broad source with a high degree of coherence.In addition to the known tendencies of indistinguishable photons to arrive together on the detector, we find that photons of different colors present the opposite characteristic of avoiding each others.We postulate that fermions can be similarly brought to exhibit positive (bosonlike) correlations by frequency filtering.
The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is one of the celebrated phenomenologies of modern physics that accommodates equally well classical (interferences of waves) and quantum (correlations between indistinguishable particles) interpretations. The effect was discovered in the late thirties with a basic observation of Hanbury Brown that radio-pulses from two distinct antennas generate signals on the oscilloscope that wiggle similarly to the naked eye. When Hanbury Brown and his mathematician colleague Twiss took the obvious step to propose bringing the effect in the optical range, they met with considerable opposition as single-photon interferences were deemed impossible. The Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect is nowadays universally accepted and, being so fundamental, embodies many subtleties of our understanding of the wave/particle dual nature of light. Thanks to a novel experimental technique, we report here a generalized version of the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect to include the frequency of the detected light, or, from the particle point of view, the energy of the detected photons. Our source of light is a polariton condensate, that allows high-resolution filtering of a spectrally broad source with a high degree of coherence. In addition to the known tendencies of indistinguishable photons to arrive together on the detector, we find that photons of different colors present the opposite characteristic of avoiding each others. We postulate that fermions can be similarly brought to exhibit positive (boson-like) correlations by frequency filtering.