An Analytical Window into the World of Ultracold Atoms

Abstract

We review the recent developments which had taken place in the domain of quasi one dimensional BECs from the viewpoint of integrability. To start with, we consider the dynamics of scalar BECs in a time independent harmonic trap and observe that the scattering length (SL) can be suitably manipulated either to compress the bright solitons to attain peak matter wave density without causing their explosion or to broaden the width of the condensates without diluting them. When the harmonic trap frequency becomes time dependent, we notice that one can stabilize the condensates in the confining domain while the density of the condensates continue to increase in the expulsive region. We also observe that the trap frequency and the temporal SL can be maneuvered to generate matter wave interference patterns indicating the coherent nature of the atoms in the condensates. We also notice that a small repulsive three body interaction when reinforced with attractive binary interaction can extend the region of stability of the condensates in the quasi-one dimensional regime. On the other hand, the investigation of two component BECs in a time dependent harmonic trap suggests that it is possible to switch matter wave energy from one mode to the other confirming the fact that vector BECs are long lived compared to scalar BECs. The Feshbach resonance management of vector BECs indicates that the two component BECs in a time dependent harmonic trap are more stable compared to the condensates in a time independent trap. The introduction of weak time dependent Rabi coupling rapidly compresses the bright solitons which however can be again stabilized through Feshbach resonance or by finetuning the Rabi coupling while the spatial coupling of vector BECs introduces a phase difference between the condensates which subsequently can be exploited to generate interference pattern in the bright or dark solitons.