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arXiv:1501.04694 · The European Physical Journal D

Space-time curvature signatures in Bose-Einstein condensates

Tonatiuh Matos, E. Gómez

Published May 1, 2015• 6 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1140/epjd/e2015-60062-3

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We discuss several possible experimental signatures of the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) transition for an ultracold Bose gas in an inhomogeneous optical lattice. Based on the commonly used time-of-flight imaging technique, we show that the momentum-space density profile in the first Brillouin zone, supplemented by the visibility of interference patterns, provides valuable information about the system. In particular, by crossing the BEC transition temperature, the appearance of a clear bimodal structure sets a qualitative and universal signature of this phase transition. Furthermore, the momentum distribution can also be applied to extract the condensate fraction, which may serve as a promising thermometer in such a system.
We propose and study a generalized quantum statistical framework, referred to as \emph{alpha statistics}, that continuously interpolates between Bose--Einstein and Fermi--Dirac statistics and naturally extends into the hyperbosonic regime for α<0α< 0α<0. Inspired by Haldane's exclusion statistics, this formulation introduces a modified occupation weight function that encodes effective statistical interactions via the parameter ααα. Using thermodynamic geometry, we analyze the sign and singular behavior of the thermodynamic curvature as a diagnostic of underlying interactions and phase structures. A crossover temperature T∗T^{*}T∗, at which the curvature changes sign, marks the transition between effectively attractive (Bose-like) and repulsive (Fermi-like) statistical regimes. When expressed relative to the Bose--Einstein condensation temperature TcT_{c}Tc​, the ratio T∗/TcT^{*}/T_{c}T∗/Tc​ depends universally on ααα. For negative ααα, corresponding to hyperbosonic statistics, we find curvature singularities at specific fugacities, indicating modified condensation phenomena distinct from conventional Bose condensation. These results highlight the geometric and thermodynamic consequences of alpha statistics and establish a link between fractional exclusion principles and curvature-induced interaction signatures in statistical thermodynamics.