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arXiv:1412.3946 · Journal of High Energy Physics

Conformal perturbation theory and higher spin entanglement entropy on the torus

Shouvik Datta, Justin R. David, S. Prem Kumar

Published Apr 1, 2015• 28 citations

Abstract

We study the free fermion theory in 1+1 dimensions deformed by chemical potentials for holomorphic, conserved currents at finite temperature and on a spatial circle. For a spin-three chemical potential μ, the deformation is related at high temperatures to a higher spin black hole in hs[0] theory on AdS3 spacetime. We calculate the order μ2 corrections to the single interval Rényi and entanglement entropies on the torus using the bosonized formulation. A consistent result, satisfying all checks, emerges upon carefully accounting for both perturbative and winding mode contributions in the bosonized language. The order μ2 corrections involve integrals that are finite but potentially sensitive to contact term singularities. We propose and apply a prescription for defining such integrals which matches the Hamiltonian picture and passes several non-trivial checks for both thermal corrections and the Rényi entropies at this order. The thermal corrections are given by a weight six quasi-modular form, whilst the Rényi entropies are controlled by quasi-elliptic functions of the interval length with modular weight six. We also point out the well known connection between the perturbative expansion of the partition function in powers of the spin-three chemical potential and the Gross-Taylor genus expansion of large-N Yang-Mills theory on the torus. We note the absence of winding mode contributions in this connection, which suggests qualitatively different entanglement entropies for the two systems.

DOI: 10.1007/jhep04(2015)041

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We study the free fermion theory in 1+1 dimensions deformed by chemical potentials for holomorphic, conserved currents at finite temperature and on a spatial circle. For a spin-three chemical potential μ, the deformation is related at high temperatures to a higher spin black hole in hs[0] theory on AdS3 spacetime. We calculate the order μ2 corrections to the single interval Rényi and entanglement entropies on the torus using the bosonized formulation. A consistent result, satisfying all checks, emerges upon carefully accounting for both perturbative and winding mode contributions in the bosonized language. The order μ2 corrections involve integrals that are finite but potentially sensitive to contact term singularities. We propose and apply a prescription for defining such integrals which matches the Hamiltonian picture and passes several non-trivial checks for both thermal corrections and the Rényi entropies at this order. The thermal corrections are given by a weight six quasi-modular form, whilst the Rényi entropies are controlled by quasi-elliptic functions of the interval length with modular weight six. We also point out the well known connection between the perturbative expansion of the partition function in powers of the spin-three chemical potential and the Gross-Taylor genus expansion of large-N Yang-Mills theory on the torus. We note the absence of winding mode contributions in this connection, which suggests qualitatively different entanglement entropies for the two systems.

We consider free fermion and free boson CFTs in two dimensions, deformed by a chemical potential μ for the spin-three current. For the CFT on the infinite spatial line, we calculate the finite temperature entanglement entropy of a single interval perturbatively to second order in μ in each of the theories. We find that the result in each case is given by the same non-trivial function of temperature and interval length. Remarkably, we further obtain the same formula using a recent Wilson line proposal for the holographic entanglement entropy, in holomorphically factorized form, associated to the spin-three black hole in SL(3, ℝ) × SL(3, ℝ) Chern-Simons theory. Our result suggests that the order μ 2 correction to the entanglement entropy may be universal for $ \mathcal{W} $ -algebra CFTs with spinthree chemical potential, and constitutes a check of the holographic entanglement entropy proposal for higher spin theories of gravity in AdS3.

We consider free fermion and free boson CFTs in two dimensions, deformed by a chemical potential mu for the spin-three current. For the CFT on the infinite spatial line, we calculate the finite temperature entanglement entropy of a single interval perturbatively to second order in mu in each of the theories. We find that the result in each case is given by the same non-trivial function of temperature and interval length. Remarkably, we further obtain the same formula using a recent Wilson line proposal for the holographic entanglement entropy, in holomorphically factorized form, associated to the spin-three black hole in SL(3, R) x SL(3, R) Chern-Simons theory. Our result suggests that the order mu(2) correction to the entanglement entropy may be universal for W-algebra CFTs with spin-three chemical potential, and constitutes a check of the holographic entanglement entropy proposal for higher spin theories of gravity in AdS(3).

In this paper, we develop a perturbation formulation to calculate the single interval higher spin Rényi and entanglement entropy for two dimensional conformal field theory with

{\mathcal{W}}_{\infty}\left(\lambda \right)

symmetry. The system is at finite temperature and is deformed by higher spin chemical potential. We manage to compute higher spin Rényi entropy with various spin deformations up to order

\mathcal{O}\left({\mu}^2\right)

. For spin 3 deformation, we calculate exact higher spin Rényi and entanglement entropy up to

\mathcal{O}\left({\mu}^4\right)

. When λ = 3, in the large c limit, we find perfect match with tree level holographic higher spin entanglement entropy up to order μ 4 obtained by the Wilson line prescription. We also find quantum corrections to higher spin entanglement entropy which is beyond tree level holographic results. The quantum correction is universal at order μ 4 in the sense that it is independent of λ. Our computation relies on a multi-valued conformal map from n-sheeted Riemann surface

{\mathrm{\mathcal{R}}}_n

to complex plane and correlation functions of primary fields on complex plane. The method can be applied to general conformal field theories with

\mathcal{W}

symmetry.

We compute the single-interval Rényi entropy (replica partition function) for free fermions in 1+1d at finite temperature and finite spatial size by two methods: (i) using the higher-genus partition function on the replica Riemann surface, and (ii) using twist operators on the torus. We compare the two answers for a restricted set of spin structures, leading to a non-trivial proposed equivalence between higher-genus Siegel Θ-functions and Jacobi θ-functions. We exhibit this proposal and provide substantial evidence for it. The resulting expressions can be elegantly written in terms of Jacobi forms. Thereafter we argue that the correct Rényi entropy for modular-invariant free-fermion theories, such as the Ising model and the Dirac CFT, is given by the higher-genus computation summed over all spin structures. The result satisfies the physical checks of modular covariance, the thermal entropy relation, and Bose-Fermi equivalence.

We analytically evaluate the Rényi entropies for the two dimensional free boson CFT. The CFT is considered to be compactified on a circle and at finite temperature. The Rényi entropies S n are evaluated for a single interval using the two point function of bosonic twist fields on a torus. For the case of the compact boson, the sum over the classical saddle points results in the Riemann-Siegel theta function associated with the A n−1 lattice. We then study the Rényi entropies in the decompactification regime. We show that in the limit when the size of the interval becomes the size of the spatial circle, the entanglement entropy reduces to the thermal entropy of free bosons on a circle. We then set up a systematic high temperature expansion of the Rényi entropies and evaluate the finite size corrections for free bosons. Finally we compare these finite size corrections both for the free boson CFT and the free fermion CFT with the one-loop corrections obtained from bulk three dimensional handlebody spacetimes which have higher genus Riemann surfaces as its boundary. One-loop corrections in these geometries are entirely determined by quantum numbers of the excitations present in the bulk. This implies that the leading finite size corrections contributions from one-loop determinants of the Chern-Simons gauge field and the Dirac field in the dual geometry should reproduce that of the free boson and the free fermion CFT respectively. By evaluating these corrections both in the bulk and in the CFT explicitly we show that this expectation is indeed true.

It is generally believed that the semiclassical AdS3 higher spin gravity could be described by a two dimensional conformal field theory with

\mathcal{W}

-algebra symmetry in the large central charge limit. In this paper, we study the single interval entanglement entropy on the torus in the CFT with a

{\mathcal{W}}_{\mathcal{3}}

deformation. More generally we develop the monodromy analysis to compute the two-point function of the light operators under a thermal density matrix with a

{\mathcal{W}}_{\mathcal{3}}

chemical potential to the leading order. Holographically we compute the probe action of the Wilson line in the background of the spin-3 black hole with a chemical potential. We find exact agreement.