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arXiv:1412.0061 · Journal of Physics Conference Series

Matrix-Product-State Algorithm for Finite Fractional Quantum Hall Systems

Zhao Liu, R N Bhatt

Published Sep 28, 2015• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Exact diagonalization is a powerful tool to study fractional quantum Hall (FQH) systems. However, its capability is limited by the exponentially increasing computational cost. In order to overcome this difficulty, density-matrix-renormalization-group (DMRG) algorithms were developed for much larger system sizes. Very recently, it was realized that some model FQH states have exact matrix-product-state (MPS) representation. Motivated by this, here we report a MPS code, which is closely related to, but different from traditional DMRG language, for finite FQH systems on the cylinder geometry. By representing the many-body Hamiltonian as a matrix-product-operator (MPO) and using single-site update and density matrix correction, we show that our code can efficiently search the ground state of various FQH systems. We also compare the performance of our code with traditional DMRG. The possible generalization of our code to infinite FQH systems and other physical systems is also discussed.

DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/640/1/012044

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Exact diagonalization is a powerful tool to study fractional quantum Hall (FQH) systems. However, its capability is limited by the exponentially increasing computational cost. In order to overcome this difficulty, density-matrix-renormalization-group (DMRG) algorithms were developed for much larger system sizes. Very recently, it was realized that some model FQH states have exact matrix-product-state (MPS) representation. Motivated by this, here we report a MPS code, which is closely related to, but different from traditional DMRG language, for finite FQH systems on the cylinder geometry. By representing the many-body Hamiltonian as a matrix-product-operator (MPO) and using single-site update and density matrix correction, we show that our code can efficiently search the ground state of various FQH systems. We also compare the performance of our code with traditional DMRG. The possible generalization of our code to infinite FQH systems and other physical systems is also discussed.
We study frustration-free Hamiltonians of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states from the point of view of the matrix product state (MPS) representation of their ground and excited states. There is a wealth of solvable models relating to FQH physics, which, however, is mostly derived and analyzed from the vantage point of first-quantized ``analytic clustering properties.'' In contrast, one obtains long-ranged frustration-free lattice models when these Hamiltonians are studied in an orbital basis, which is the natural basis for the MPS representation of FQH states. The connection between MPS-like states and frustration-free parent Hamiltonians is the central guiding principle in the construction of solvable lattice models, but thus far, only for short-range Hamiltonians and MPSs of finite bond dimension. The situation in the FQH context is fundamentally different. Here we expose the direct link between the infinite-bond-dimension MPS structure of Laughlin--conformal field theory (CFT) states and their parent Hamiltonians. While focusing on the Laughlin state, generalizations to other CFT-MPSs will become transparent.
We study frustration free Hamiltonians of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states from the point of view of the matrix-product-state (MPS) representation of their ground and excited states. There is a wealth of solvable models relating to FQH physics, which, however, is mostly derived and analyzed from vantage point of first quantized analytic clustering properties. In contrast, one obtains long-ranged frustration free lattice models when these Hamiltonians are studied in an orbital basis, which is the natural basis for the MPS representation of FQH states. The connection between MPS-like states and frustration free parent Hamiltonians is the central guiding principle in the construction of solvable lattice models, but thus far, only for short range Hamiltonians and MPS of finite bond dimension. The situation in the FQH context is fundamentally different. Here we expose the direct link between the infinite-bond-dimension MPS structure of Laughlin-CFT states and their parent Hamiltonians. While focussing on the Laughlin state, generalizations to other CFT-MPS will become transparent.
We describe how to efficiently construct the quantum chemical Hamiltonian operator in matrix product form. We present its implementation as a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm for quantum chemical applications. Existing implementations of DMRG for quantum chemistry are based on the traditional formulation of the method, which was developed from the point of view of Hilbert space decimation and attained higher performance compared to straightforward implementations of matrix product based DMRG. The latter variationally optimizes a class of ansatz states known as matrix product states, where operators are correspondingly represented as matrix product operators (MPOs). The MPO construction scheme presented here eliminates the previous performance disadvantages while retaining the additional flexibility provided by a matrix product approach, for example, the specification of expectation values becomes an input parameter. In this way, MPOs for different symmetries - abelian and non-abelian - and different relativistic and non-relativistic models may be solved by an otherwise unmodified program.
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The study of frustration-free Hamiltonians and their relation to finite bond-dimension matrix product states (MPS) has a long tradition. However, fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states do not quite fit into this theme since the known MPS representations of their ground states have infinite bond dimensions, which considerably obscures the relations between such MPS representations and the existence of frustration-free parent Hamiltonians. This is related to the fact that the latter necessarily are of infinite range in the orbital basis. Here, we present a theorem tailored to establishing the existence of frustration-free parent Hamiltonians in such a context. We explicitly demonstrate the utility of this theorem in the context of non-Abelian Moore-Read FQH states but argue the applicability of this theorem to transcend considerably beyond the realm of conformal-field-theory-derived MPSs or quasi-one-dimensional Hilbert spaces.
Matrix product operators (MPOs) are at the heart of the second-generation density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm formulated in matrix product state language. We first summarize the widely known facts on MPO arithmetic and representations of single-site operators. Second, we introduce three compression methods (rescaled SVD, deparallelization, and delinearization) for MPOs and show that it is possible to construct efficient representations of arbitrary operators using MPO arithmetic and compression. As examples, we construct powers of a short-ranged spin-chain Hamiltonian, a complicated Hamiltonian of a two-dimensional system and, as proof of principle, the long-range four-body Hamiltonian from quantum chemistry.