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arXiv:1411.7540

Quench Dynamics of Three-Dimensional Disordered Bose Gases: Condensation, Superfluidity and Fingerprint of Dynamical Bose Glass

Lei Chen, Zhaoxin Liang, Ying Hu, Zhang Zhi-dong

Published Nov 27, 2014• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In an equilibrium three-dimensional (3D) disordered condensate, it's well established that disorder can generate an amount of normal fluid equaling to $\frac{4}{3}$ of the condensate depletion. The concept that the superfluid is more volatile to the existence of disorder than the condensate is crucial to the understanding of Bose glass phase. In this Letter, we show that, by bringing a weakly disordered 3D condensate to nonequilibrium regime via a quantum quench in the interaction, disorder can destroy superfluid significantly more, leading to a steady state in which the normal fluid density far exceeds $\frac{4}{3}$ of the condensate depletion. This suggests a possibility of engineering Bose Glass in the dynamic regime. As both the condensate density and superfluid density are measurable quantities, our results allow an experimental demonstration of the dramatized interplay between the disorder and interaction in the nonequilibrium scenario.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1411.7540

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In an equilibrium three-dimensional (3D) disordered condensate, it's well established that disorder can generate an amount of normal fluid equaling to 43\frac{4}{3}34​ of the condensate depletion. The concept that the superfluid is more volatile to the existence of disorder than the condensate is crucial to the understanding of Bose glass phase. In this Letter, we show that, by bringing a weakly disordered 3D condensate to nonequilibrium regime via a quantum quench in the interaction, disorder can destroy superfluid significantly more, leading to a steady state in which the normal fluid density far exceeds 43\frac{4}{3}34​ of the condensate depletion. This suggests a possibility of engineering Bose Glass in the dynamic regime. As both the condensate density and superfluid density are measurable quantities, our results allow an experimental demonstration of the dramatized interplay between the disorder and interaction in the nonequilibrium scenario.
Abstract In an equilibrium three-dimensional (3D) disordered condensate, it is well established that disorder can generate an amount of normal fluid ρ n equaling to of ρ ex , where ρ ex is a sum of interaction-induced quantum depletion and disorder-induced condensate deformation. The concept that the superfluid is more volatile to the existence of disorder than the condensate is crucial to the understanding of the Bose glass phase. In this work, we show that, by bringing a weakly disordered 3D condensate to non-equilibrium regime via a quantum quench in the interaction, disorder can destroy superfluid significantly more, leading to a steady state of Hamiltonian H f in which the ρ n far exceeds of the ρ ex . This suggests the possibility of engineering Bose glass in the dynamic regime. Here, we refer to the dynamical Bose glass as the case where in the steady state of quenched condensate , the superfluid density goes to zero while the condensate density remains finite. As both the ρ n and ρ ex are measurable quantities, our results allow an experimental demonstration of the dramatized interplay between the disorder and interaction in the non-equilibrium scenario.
Abstract We explore the quench dynamics of a two-dimensional, weakly interacting disordered Bose gas for various relative strengths of interactions and disorder. This allows us to identify two well distinct out-of-equilibrium regimes. When interactions are smaller than the disorder, the gas experiences multiple scattering and exhibits a short-range spatial coherence. At short time this coherence is only smoothly affected by interactions, via a diffusion process of the particles' energies. When interactions are larger than the disorder, scattering ceases and the gas behaves more and more like a fluid, ultimately like a superfluid at low energy. In the superfluid regime, the gas exhibits a long-range algebraic coherence, characteristic of a pre-thermal regime in disorder.
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We study superfluid transitions in bidimensional (2D) and tridimensional (3D) disordered and interacting Bose gases. We work in the limit of long-range correlated disorder such that it can be treated in the local density approximation. We present superfluid transition curves in both the disorder-temperature plane and the disorder-entropy plane in 2D and 3D Bose gases. Surprisingly, we find that a small amount of disorder is always favorable to the apparition of a superfluid. Our results offer a quantitative comparison with recent experiments in 2D disordered ultracold gases, for which no exact theory exists.
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Abstract The presence of disorder substantially influences the behaviour of physical systems. It can give rise to slow or glassy dynamics, or to a complete suppression of transport as in Anderson insulators1, where normally extended wavefunctions such as light fields or electronic Bloch waves become exponentially localized. The combined effect of disorder and interactions is central to the richness of condensed-matter physics2. In bosonic systems, it can also lead to additional quantum states such as the Bose glass3,4—an insulating but compressible state without long-range phase coherence that emerges in disordered bosonic systems and is distinct from the well-known superfluid and Mott insulating ground states of interacting bosons. Here we report the experimental realization of the two-dimensional Bose glass using ultracold atoms in an eight-fold symmetric quasicrystalline optical lattice5. By probing the coherence properties of the system, we observe a Bose-glass-to-superfluid transition and map out the phase diagram in the weakly interacting regime. We furthermore demonstrate that it is not possible to adiabatically traverse the Bose glass on typical experimental timescales by examining the capability to restore coherence and discuss the connection to the expected non-ergodicity of the Bose glass. Our observations are in good agreement with recent quantum Monte Carlo predictions6 and pave the way for experimentally testing the connection between the Bose glass, many-body localization and glassy dynamics more generally7,8.