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arXiv:1411.2108 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Nonseparated states from squeezed dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency media

You-Lin Chuang, Ite A. Yu, Ray‐Kuang Lee

Published Jun 12, 2015• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Within the frame of quantized dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency media, noise fluctuations in the quadrature components are studied. Squeezed state transfer, quantum correlation, and noise entanglement between probe field and atomic polarization are demonstrated in single- and double-Λ configurations, respectively. Even though a larger degree of the squeezing parameter in the continuous variable helps to establish stronger quantum correlations, the inseparability criterion is satisfied only within a finite range of the squeezing parameter. The results obtained in the present study may be useful for guiding experimental realization of quantum memory devices for applications in quantum information and computation.

DOI
10.1364/josab.32.001384

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Within the frame of quantized dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency media, noise fluctuations in the quadrature components are studied. Squeezed state transfer, quantum correlation, and noise entanglement between probe field and atomic polarization are demonstrated in single- and double-Λ configurations, respectively. Even though a larger degree of the squeezing parameter in the continuous variable helps to establish stronger quantum correlations, the inseparability criterion is satisfied only within a finite range of the squeezing parameter. The results obtained in the present study may be useful for guiding experimental realization of quantum memory devices for applications in quantum information and computation.
Abstract Dark state polariton, as an important concept in the mechanism of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), can map the state of bosonic fields to atomic ensembles. To reflect the mapping ability of dark state polariton, we choose the odd and even bosonic coherent states as the probe field in EIT process, and employ spin squeezing, entanglement, and quantum correlation to characterize nonclassical correlations of atomic ensembles during the manipulation of the driving field. It is shown that the differences between the odd and even coherent states are comprehensively reflected in the three characterizations of nonclassical correlations generated through dark state polaritons. The even bosonic coherent states can perfectly transfer bosonic squeezing into atomic ensembles, resulting in spin squeezing. Although the odd bosonic coherent states cannot induce the spin squeezing, they have an advantage over the even bosonic coherent states in generating quantum entanglement and quantum correlations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that atomic ensembles can achieve significant spin squeezing with squeezing degree ∝ 1/N 2/3 through the one-axis twisting (OAT) model and two-axis twisting (TAT) model under the large N limit with the low excitation conditions, and the EIT mechanism was used to transfer the generated spin squeezing to the bosonic field, providing a feasible strategy for obtaining significant bosonic squeezing.
We investigate the propagation and storage of a squeezed vacuum as the probe light in a collection of N four-level tripod configuration atoms under the condition of single or double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The squeezing of the probe light is well preserved in both the single transparency channel and the double transparency one. On the other hand, the effects of the ground state dephasing rates on the propagation and storage of the squeezed vacuum are investigated. It is found that the maximum squeezing at the transparency points is suppressed by the dephasing rates in single or double EIT. Meanwhile, the mapping of the squeezing of the probe light onto the atomic ground coherences or onto the two atomic dark-state polaritons is also studied. In the absence of the Langevin atomic noise, the quasi-ideal squeezing transfer between the squeezed vacuum and the atomic ground coherences or the dark-state polaritons can be realized in such a system. When considering the Langevin atomic noise, the quantum characteristics of the atomic coherences at resonance are submerged by the Langevin noise, while in the scenario of the dark-state polariton, it is found that squeezing transfer onto one polariton is damaged, but the squeezing transfer onto the other polariton survives even in the presence of the Langevin noise.
We analyze the propagation of a pair of quantized fields inside a medium of three-level atoms in a Lambda configuration. We calculate the stationary quadrature noise spectrum of the field, in the case where the probe field is in a squeezed state and the atoms show electromagnetically induced transparency. We find an oscillatory transfer of the initial quantum properties between the probe and pump fields which is most strongly pronounced when both fields have comparable intensities. This implies that the quantum state measured after propagation can be completely different from the initial state, even though the mean values of the field are unaltered.
Nonclassical states of light are of increasing interest due to their applications in the emerging field of quantum information processing and communication. Squeezed light is such a state of the electromagnetic field in which the quantum noise properties are altered compared with those of coherent light. Squeezed light and squeezed vacuum states are potentially useful for quantum information protocols as well as optical measurements, where sensitivities can be limited by quantum noise. We experimentally study a source of squeezed vacuum resulting from the interaction of near-resonant light with both cold and hot Rb atoms via the nonlinear polarization self-rotation effect (PSR). We investigate the optimal conditions for noise reduction in the resulting squeezed states, reaching quadrature squeezing levels of up to 2.6 dB below shot noise, as well as observing noise reduction for a broad range of detection frequencies, from tens of kHz to several MHz. We use this source of squeezed vacuum at 795 nm to further study the noise properties of these states and how they are affected by resonant atomic interactions. This includes the use of a squeezed light probe to give a quantum enhancement to an optical magnetometer, as well as studying the propagation of squeezed vacuum in an atomic medium under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We also investigate the propagation of pulses of quantum squeezed light through a dispersive atomic medium, where we examine the possibilities for quantum noise signals traveling at subluminal and superluminal velocities. The interaction of squeezed light with resonant atomic vapors finds various potential applications in both quantum measurements and continuous variable quantum memories.
Quantum entanglement is an essential ingredient for the absolute security of quantum communication. Generation of continuous-variable entanglement or two-mode squeezing between light fields based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has been systematically investigated in this work. Here, we propose a new scheme to enhance the degree of entanglement between probe and coupling fields of coherent-state light by introducing a two-photon detuning in the EIT system. This proposed scheme is more efficient than the conventional one, utilizing the ground-state relaxation (population decay or dephasing) rate to produce entanglement or two-mode squeezing which adds far more excess fluctuation or noise to the system. In addition, maximum degree of entanglement at a given optical depth can be achieved with a wide range of the coupling Rabi frequency and the two-photon detuning, showing our scheme is robust and flexible. It is also interesting to note that while EIT is the effect in the perturbation limit, i.e. the probe field being much weaker than the coupling field and treated as a perturbation, there exists an optimum ratio of the probe to coupling intensities to achieve the maximum entanglement. Our proposed scheme can advance the continuous-variable-based quantum technology and may lead to applications in quantum communication utilizing squeezed light.