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arXiv:1411.0271 · International Journal of Theoretical Physics

The Roles of a Quantum Channel on a Quantum State

Lin Wang, Chang‐shui Yu

Published Oct 12, 2013• 7 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1007/s10773-013-1859-x

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The bipartite quantum teleportation with a three-qubit mixture of GHZ and W states as a quantum channel is discussed. When the quantum channel is a mixed state consisting of the GHZ state plus small perturbed W state, the entanglement of the channel becomes zero when the average fidelity FˉGHZ\bar{F}_{GHZ}FˉGHZ​ is less than 0.775. This means that the mixed state cannot play an any role as a quantum channel at FˉGHZ≤0.775\bar{F}_{GHZ} \leq 0.775FˉGHZ​≤0.775. For the case of the mixed state consisting of the W state plus small perturbed GHZ state it turn out that this mixed state cannot play a role as a quantum channel at FˉW≤0.833\bar{F}_W \leq 0.833FˉW​≤0.833.
A completely depolarising quantum channel always outputs a fully mixed state and thus cannot transmit any information. In a recent Letter\cite{ebler18}, it was however shown that if a quantum state passes through two such channels in a quantum superposition of different orders---a setup known as the ``quantum switch''---then information can nevertheless be transmitted through the channels. Here, we show that a similar effect can be obtained when one coherently controls between sending a target system through one of two identical depolarising channels. Whereas it is tempting to attribute this effect in the quantum switch to the indefinite causal order between the channels, causal indefiniteness plays no role in this new scenario. This raises questions about its role in the corresponding effect in the quantum switch. We study this new scenario in detail and we see that, when quantum channels are controlled coherently, information about their specific implementation is accessible in the output state of the joint control-target system. This allows two different implementations of what is usually considered to be the same channel to therefore be differentiated. More generally, we find that to completely describe the action of a coherently controlled quantum channel, one needs to specify not only a description of the channel (e.g., in terms of Kraus operators), but an additional ``transformation matrix'' depending on its implementation.
We investigate the private capacity of quantum channels using the recently proposed quantum convolution theory for discrete-variable quantum systems. We focus on the role of the magic resource played in this framework. Firstly, for a large class of convolutional channels, we find that the private capacity is zero if the fixed environmental state is a stabilizer state. Moreover, we show that the private capacity can be nonzero for some magic environmental states. Furthermore, we show that the private capacity of a discrete beam splitter unitary is upper-bounded by the amount of magic of the environmental state. In addition, if the environmental state exhibits a certain symmetric structure, even if it is magic, the corresponding private capacity will also vanish for a class of convolution. These results emphasize the role of magic resources in quantum communication