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arXiv:1410.6647 · Physical Review A

Pulse propagation, population transfer, and light storage in five-level media

G. G. Grigoryan, V. O. Chaltykyan, E. A. Gazazyan, O. Tikhova, Vanush Paturyan

Published Feb 2, 2015• 14 citations

Abstract

We consider adiabatic interaction of five-level atomic systems and their media with four short laser pulses under the condition of all two-photon detunings being zero. We derive analytical expressions for eigenvalues of the system's Hamiltonian and determine conditions of adiabaticity for both the atom and the medium. We analyze, in detail, the system's behavior when the eigenvalue with nonvanishing energy is realized. As distinct from the usual dark state of a five-level system (corresponding to zero eigenvalue), which is a superposition of three states, in our case the superposition of four states does work. We demonstrate that this seemingly unfavorable case nevertheless completely imitates a three-level system not only for a single atom but also in the medium, since the propagation equations are also split into those for three- and two-level media separately. We show that, under certain conditions, all the coherent effects observed in three-level media, such as population transfer, light slowing, light storage, and so on, may efficiently be realized in five-level media. This has an important advantage that the light storage can be performed twice in the same medium; i.e., the second pulse can be stored without retrieving the first one, and then the two pulses can be retrieved in any desired sequence.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.91.023802

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We consider adiabatic interaction of five-level atomic systems and their media with four short laser pulses under the condition of all two-photon detunings being zero. We derive analytical expressions for eigenvalues of the system's Hamiltonian and determine conditions of adiabaticity for both the atom and the medium. We analyze, in detail, the system's behavior when the eigenvalue with nonvanishing energy is realized. As distinct from the usual dark state of a five-level system (corresponding to zero eigenvalue), which is a superposition of three states, in our case the superposition of four states does work. We demonstrate that this seemingly unfavorable case nevertheless completely imitates a three-level system not only for a single atom but also in the medium, since the propagation equations are also split into those for three- and two-level media separately. We show that, under certain conditions, all the coherent effects observed in three-level media, such as population transfer, light slowing, light storage, and so on, may efficiently be realized in five-level media. This has an important advantage that the light storage can be performed twice in the same medium; i.e., the second pulse can be stored without retrieving the first one, and then the two pulses can be retrieved in any desired sequence.

Propagation of four laser pulses in the five-level ladder system in the case of arbitrary intensities and the different strengths of oscillators is investigated, when one of the eigenstates of the interaction Hamiltonian is formed in the whole volume of the medium. Taking into account the first non-adiabatic correction, the equations of propagation are obtained. An analytical solution of these equations is obtained. The conditions for an effective excitation of the fifth level in the whole volume of medium and the limitations on the interaction parameters are obtained as well.

We consider a medium of multilevel atomic systems interacting with radiation pulses. A relatively simple technique of analytic calculations is proposed, which allows revealing all necessary conditions (with sufficient conditions to be checked separately) imposed on the interaction parameters, for which the mean dipole moment of a multilevel atomic medium vanishes, i.e., the medium becomes transparent via adiabatic interaction. The proposed technique is based on the method of quasienergies and illustrated for three- and five-level atomic systems. The necessary conditions for the propagation length where the interaction adiabaticity is preserved in the medium are obtained.

We investigate the problem of propagation of three-component resonant light pulses with adiabatically varying amplitudes through a medium consisting of atoms with the tripod level configuration. By means of both analytic and numerical methods we find the two modes of shape-preserving pulse propagation. The pulse propagation velocity of the fast mode is equal to the speed of light in vacuum, whereas the group velocity of the other (slow) mode is significantly slowed down. These two modes represent a general asymptotic solution of the problem of adiabatic pulse propagation, i.e., a pulse of any shape, which is consistent with the adiabaticity conditions, and a finite duration evolves at large propagation distances (and, correspondingly, at large times of interaction with the medium) to a well-separated pair of fast and slow pulses. The experimental requirements for adiabatic pulse propagation in a tripod medium are similar to that needed for observation of slow light propagation in a medium with the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration of levels. However, the tripod scheme offers a different possibility, which is absent in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-medium case: collisions of fast and slow pulses. It is found numerically that after such a collision the shapes of the pulses change, so these pulses do not match the classical definition of a soliton.