Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:1409.7770 · Physical Review Letters

Entanglement-Based Machine Learning on a Quantum Computer

Xiang Cai, Dian Wu, Zu-En Su, M.-C. Chen, Xi‐Lin Wang, Li Li, N.-L. Liu, Chao‐Yang Lu, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Mar 19, 2015• 210 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, learns from previous experience to optimize performance, which is ubiquitous in various fields such as computer sciences, financial analysis, robotics, and bioinformatics. A challenge is that machine learning with the rapidly growing "big data" could become intractable for classical computers. Recently, quantum machine learning algorithms [Lloyd, Mohseni, and Rebentrost, arXiv.1307.0411] were proposed which could offer an exponential speedup over classical algorithms. Here, we report the first experimental entanglement-based classification of two-, four-, and eight-dimensional vectors to different clusters using a small-scale photonic quantum computer, which are then used to implement supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The results demonstrate the working principle of using quantum computers to manipulate and classify high-dimensional vectors, the core mathematical routine in machine learning. The method can, in principle, be scaled to larger numbers of qubits, and may provide a new route to accelerate machine learning.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.114.110504

Related papers

Quantum algorithms for supervised and unsupervised machine learning

Seth Lloyd, Masoud Mohseni, Patrick Rebentrost

Machine-learning tasks frequently involve problems of manipulating and classifying large numbers of vectors in high-dimensional spaces. Classical algorithms for solving such problems typically take time polynomial in the number of vectors and the dimension of the space. Quantum computers are good at manipulating high-dimensional vectors in large tensor product spaces. This paper provides supervised and unsupervised quantum machine learning algorithms for cluster assignment and cluster finding. Quantum machine learning can take time logarithmic in both the number of vectors and their dimension, an exponential speed-up over classical algorithms.

arXiv:1307.0411•Jul 1, 2013•540 citations

Quantum Machine Learning: Harnessing Quantum Algorithms for Supervised and Unsupervised Learning

Mohit Mittal

Quantum machine learning (QML) provides a transformative approach to data analysis by integrating the principles of quantum computing with classical machine learning methods. With the exponential growth of data and the increasing complexity of computational tasks, quantum algorithms offer tremendous advantages in terms of processing speed, memory efficiency, and the ability to resolve issues intractable for classical systems. In this work, the use of QML techniques for both supervised and unsupervised learning problems is explored. Quantum-enhanced models such Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs) and Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) show outstanding performance in classification and regression tasks by using quantum kernels and entanglement in supervised learning. Moreover, hybrid quantum-classical solutions offer useful implementations on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, hence bridging the gap between present quantum technology and practical uses. By means of comparative analysis, this paper emphasizes the possible benefits and drawbacks of QML, thereby providing understanding of its future importance in sectors including material science, finance, and healthcare. In the end, QML opens the path for a new era of intelligent data processing and solves until unthinkable difficult challenges.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology•Sep 30, 2022•1 citation

Quantum support vector machine for big feature and big data classification.

Patrick Rebentrost, Masoud Mohseni, Seth Lloyd

Supervised machine learning is the classification of new data based on already classified training examples. In this work, we show that the support vector machine, an optimized linear and non-linear binary classifier, can be implemented on a quantum computer, with exponential speedups in the size of the vectors and the number of training data examples. At the core of the algorithm is a non-sparse matrix simulation technique to efficiently perform a principal component analysis and matrix inversion of the training data kernel matrix. We thus provide an example of a quantum big feature and big data algorithm and pave the way for future developments at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning.

•Jul 1, 2013•38 citations

Unlocking the Power of Quantum Mechanics for Machine Learning

Brahmaleen Kaur Sidhu

Machine learning has radically changed the way problems in various disciplines are solved but faces limitations in tackling increasingly complex and high-dimensional data. Quantum machine learning emerges as a burgeoning paradigm, harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics to potentially surpass classical approaches. This paper delves into the core concepts of quantum machine learning, exploring its algorithms and challenges. The incorporation of quantum mechanics in machine learning algorithms offers a more expressive way to represent data compared to classical methods by capturing intricate relationships within complex datasets. Superposition and entanglement empower the development of algorithms that can tackle computationally expensive tasks in classical machine learning, particularly in high-dimensional spaces. Limited qubit count and susceptibility to noise in current quantum computers hinder the practical implementation of quantum machine learning for large-scale problems. Designing and optimizing efficient quantum algorithms tailored to specific machine learning tasks remains an active area of research. The paper concludes by highlighting the immense potential of quantum machine learning to revolutionize various fields, from materials science and drug discovery to finance and artificial intelligence.

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)•Mar 5, 2022•0 citations

Optimized Machine Learning: Training and Classification Performance Using Quantum Computing

Mukta Nivelkar, Sunil G. Bhirud

Quantum Computing hardware in great extent to optimize algorithm performance of various domains of classical and high-performance computing. Optimization in any category of algorithm results in improved performance and new method suggestion for existing standards. Initially machine learning from classical to parallel computing have given very good platform for researcher's to optimize algorithm performance if data size will be huge and complex. Quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement will make quantum computing more successful over classical standard. Quantum Computers operates on quantum superposition and entanglement mechanism of quantum physics. Quantum machine learning integrates machine learning and quantum computing together for exponential speedup. Classical machines are enables to perform several tasks because of computational complexity and operational ability of hardware. Quantum computing definitely justice the operational ability for complex task and pattern formation. Quantum machine learning will optimize existing machine learning methods based upon performance outcome of algorithm. This paper discussed optimization of supervised machine learning using variational quantum circuits. Discussion extended to various methods and subroutines to justify classifier's performance for big data processing on quantum hardware.

International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation•Dec 17, 2021•11 citations

Quantum Support Vector Machine for Big Data Classification

Patrick Rebentrost, Masoud Mohseni, Seth Lloyd

Supervised machine learning is the classification of new data based on already classified training examples. In this work, we show that the support vector machine, an optimized binary classifier, can be implemented on a quantum computer, with complexity logarithmic in the size of the vectors and the number of training examples. In cases where classical sampling algorithms require polynomial time, an exponential speedup is obtained. At the core of this quantum big data algorithm is a nonsparse matrix exponentiation technique for efficiently performing a matrix inversion of the training data inner-product (kernel) matrix.

arXiv:1307.0471•Physical Review Letters•Sep 25, 2014•1,951 citations
Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, learns from previous experience to optimize performance, which is ubiquitous in various fields such as computer sciences, financial analysis, robotics, and bioinformatics. A challenge is that machine learning with the rapidly growing "big data" could become intractable for classical computers. Recently, quantum machine learning algorithms [Lloyd, Mohseni, and Rebentrost, arXiv.1307.0411] were proposed which could offer an exponential speedup over classical algorithms. Here, we report the first experimental entanglement-based classification of two-, four-, and eight-dimensional vectors to different clusters using a small-scale photonic quantum computer, which are then used to implement supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The results demonstrate the working principle of using quantum computers to manipulate and classify high-dimensional vectors, the core mathematical routine in machine learning. The method can, in principle, be scaled to larger numbers of qubits, and may provide a new route to accelerate machine learning.
Machine-learning tasks frequently involve problems of manipulating and classifying large numbers of vectors in high-dimensional spaces. Classical algorithms for solving such problems typically take time polynomial in the number of vectors and the dimension of the space. Quantum computers are good at manipulating high-dimensional vectors in large tensor product spaces. This paper provides supervised and unsupervised quantum machine learning algorithms for cluster assignment and cluster finding. Quantum machine learning can take time logarithmic in both the number of vectors and their dimension, an exponential speed-up over classical algorithms.
Quantum machine learning (QML) provides a transformative approach to data analysis by integrating the principles of quantum computing with classical machine learning methods. With the exponential growth of data and the increasing complexity of computational tasks, quantum algorithms offer tremendous advantages in terms of processing speed, memory efficiency, and the ability to resolve issues intractable for classical systems. In this work, the use of QML techniques for both supervised and unsupervised learning problems is explored. Quantum-enhanced models such Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVMs) and Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) show outstanding performance in classification and regression tasks by using quantum kernels and entanglement in supervised learning. Moreover, hybrid quantum-classical solutions offer useful implementations on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, hence bridging the gap between present quantum technology and practical uses. By means of comparative analysis, this paper emphasizes the possible benefits and drawbacks of QML, thereby providing understanding of its future importance in sectors including material science, finance, and healthcare. In the end, QML opens the path for a new era of intelligent data processing and solves until unthinkable difficult challenges.
Supervised machine learning is the classification of new data based on already classified training examples. In this work, we show that the support vector machine, an optimized linear and non-linear binary classifier, can be implemented on a quantum computer, with exponential speedups in the size of the vectors and the number of training data examples. At the core of the algorithm is a non-sparse matrix simulation technique to efficiently perform a principal component analysis and matrix inversion of the training data kernel matrix. We thus provide an example of a quantum big feature and big data algorithm and pave the way for future developments at the intersection of quantum computing and machine learning.
Machine learning has radically changed the way problems in various disciplines are solved but faces limitations in tackling increasingly complex and high-dimensional data. Quantum machine learning emerges as a burgeoning paradigm, harnessing the principles of quantum mechanics to potentially surpass classical approaches. This paper delves into the core concepts of quantum machine learning, exploring its algorithms and challenges. The incorporation of quantum mechanics in machine learning algorithms offers a more expressive way to represent data compared to classical methods by capturing intricate relationships within complex datasets. Superposition and entanglement empower the development of algorithms that can tackle computationally expensive tasks in classical machine learning, particularly in high-dimensional spaces. Limited qubit count and susceptibility to noise in current quantum computers hinder the practical implementation of quantum machine learning for large-scale problems. Designing and optimizing efficient quantum algorithms tailored to specific machine learning tasks remains an active area of research. The paper concludes by highlighting the immense potential of quantum machine learning to revolutionize various fields, from materials science and drug discovery to finance and artificial intelligence.
Quantum Computing hardware in great extent to optimize algorithm performance of various domains of classical and high-performance computing. Optimization in any category of algorithm results in improved performance and new method suggestion for existing standards. Initially machine learning from classical to parallel computing have given very good platform for researcher's to optimize algorithm performance if data size will be huge and complex. Quantum mechanics such as superposition and entanglement will make quantum computing more successful over classical standard. Quantum Computers operates on quantum superposition and entanglement mechanism of quantum physics. Quantum machine learning integrates machine learning and quantum computing together for exponential speedup. Classical machines are enables to perform several tasks because of computational complexity and operational ability of hardware. Quantum computing definitely justice the operational ability for complex task and pattern formation. Quantum machine learning will optimize existing machine learning methods based upon performance outcome of algorithm. This paper discussed optimization of supervised machine learning using variational quantum circuits. Discussion extended to various methods and subroutines to justify classifier's performance for big data processing on quantum hardware.
Supervised machine learning is the classification of new data based on already classified training examples. In this work, we show that the support vector machine, an optimized binary classifier, can be implemented on a quantum computer, with complexity logarithmic in the size of the vectors and the number of training examples. In cases where classical sampling algorithms require polynomial time, an exponential speedup is obtained. At the core of this quantum big data algorithm is a nonsparse matrix exponentiation technique for efficiently performing a matrix inversion of the training data inner-product (kernel) matrix.